Tuesday, October 22, 2019

PARENTS AND CHILDREN - RIGHTS AND LIABILITIES


From infancy to adulthood, it is unparalleled tender love and acre of the parents which brings the child from the stage of absolute weakness and helplessness to perfect strength and independence. On the contrary, in old age man becomes like a small child, the mind and body becomes so weak that Allah says in Surah Yasin Ayah 68, “If We grant long life to any, We cause him to reverse in nature.”  Parent’s heart is the fountain head of love but still Islam has given some guidelines. The most important are education and character building. Amir al-Muminin, Imam Ali (a.s.) said, “The first beneficence of a parent towards the child is to give him or her a good name.” Life may be divided into three stages:

The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said:
“The child is the master for 7 years (First stage); and a slave for 7 years (Second stage) and a vizier for 7 years (Third stage) ; so if he builds a good character within 21 years, well and good, otherwise leave him alone because (if you looked after him for 21 years) you have discharged your responsibility before Allah.”

Instructions for First Stage: It is essential to give utmost priority to proper upbringing and character building. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said, “Respect your children and teach them good behavior, Allah will forgive your sins.” He (s.a.w.a.s.) further said, “O Ali, it is among the rights of the child on his father to teach him good manners and keep him in good society.” It is desirable to give them religious education as the impressions of childhood are difficult to erase.
Imam Sadiq (a.s.) said, “When the child is 3 years, teach him 7 times to recite ‘La Ilaha Illallah’, after 7 months train him to say ‘Muhammadun Rasulu’llah’, when he is 4 years, teach him to recite Durood 7 times. When he is 5 years old make him face Qibla and teach him Prostration (Sajdah). At 6 years age, he should be told to pray and teach him ruku and sajdah. At 7 year’s age, he should be asked to wash his face and hands and tell him to pray. When he reaches 9 years, he should be taught proper wudu- (and should be punished if he is not careful) and proper salat (and should be punished if he is not regular). When he learns proper wudu and salat, Allah forgives the sins of his parents.

Instructions for Second Stage:  It is the most crucial period of life; hence the child must be given necessary religious education. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said, “It is the right of a male child on his father to teach him the Glorious Qur’an, riding and swimming.” Imam Sadiq (a.s.) said, “It is the duty of a father to teach his son (the art of) writing.” The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said about the Muslim girls that they should be taught the Surah al-Noor but not the Surah Yusuf. Islam recommends girls to be a good wife when married, but not obliged to earn her livelihood.

Instructions for Third Stage: It is the period of earning livelihood. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said that it is the right of the girl upon her father that he should make haste in sending her to the house of her husband. Sometimes, the irresponsible parents delay the marriage of their daughters due to financial superiority, sect or clan. The deciding factor should be the character of the prospective spouse. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said, “Every believer is equal in status (in matter of marriage) to any other believer.”

The same hadith guides us about male children.; that they should be married when they become mature. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) first marriage was performed when he was 25 years old. Similarly, Imam Ali (a.s.) was married to Sayyida Fatima Zahra (s.a.) when he was 25 years old. The deciding factor is that when a young man becomes emotionally mature and when he feels an urge to enter matrimonial relationship then he should get married without any delay. If anyone brings up his children remaining within these Islamic limits then that child will be the apple of the parent’s eyes and the delight of their hearts; and it is this child who, in turn, may be hoped to fulfill his obligations towards his parents. Referring to such offspring, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said, “The virtuous child is a flower from the flowers of Paradise. Among the good fortunes of a man is the virtuous child.”

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Source: Islamic Family Life by Allama Sayyid Akhtar Rizvi

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