THE COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL, IMAM ALI (A.S.)'S FOOD, DRESS AND GENEROSITY

All the Infallible Imams of Ahlul Bayt (a.s.) demonstrated the superior quality of humility although they were the “selected ones” of Allah (s.w.t.). Worldly kings will show their superiority in display of enormous types of food on their food spread. The Progeny of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) were always with the down-trodden section of the Ummah barely affording 2 times of basic food.

Although, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) had said, “Awwaluna Muhammad, Ausatuna Muhammad, A’keruna Muhammad, Kulluna Muhammad.” It means all the Twelve Infallible Imams represent the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.). But there is a special place of the first Imam Ali (a.s.) when he (a.s.) was always with the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.), showed his bravery in the battles with the faithless, was married to the Chief of the women of the world, Sayyida Fatima Zahra (s.a.), his sons; Imam Hasan and Imam Husayn (a.s.) are the Princes of the Paradise and all of them personified the contents of ayah of Purity (Al-Ah’zab:33) and Ayat of Mubahelah. (Ale Imran:61)

Imam Ali (a.s.) normal food was barley with salt and water. Imam Ahmad ibn Hambal reported by Sweda bin Ghafla in his “Masnad” that while he was in the presence of the Imam some pieces of bread were brought as his food which was hard to break. Also, in his Masnad, he quotes Tabayi bin Abi Rafey that once he witnessed that a sealed bag was brought which contained dry pieces of bread which he ate by softening with water. The Imam (a.s.) gave the reason for sealing because the Imam’s children would replace the dried bread with softer bread or apply oil on the bread!

Similarly, Kamaloddeen bin Muhammad Talha Sha’fei in his book “Matalebos -So’al” quotes Abdullah bin Zorara that once he went in the presence of Imam Ali (a.s.) on a Festival day, the usual poor man’s food was served. When Zorara pointed out, the Imam replied, “Abdullah bin Zorara, you have heard of mighty kings who have lead life of luxury. Let me be a ruler leading the life of a poor and humble person.”

Once, a beggar came and asked for food, the Imam offered the dry bread which he eats himself, he complained of hardness, the Imam directed him to the house of Imam Hasan (a.s.) where delicious food was being served. When the man reached there, he started saving some food. On inquiry from the Imam Hasan (a.s.), he said that he was saving for an old man who was eating dry bread. The Imam replied that he was his father and that was his house!

Imam Ali (a.s.) did not take any funds from the public treasury during his apparent khilafah and continued to wear the cotton garment he brought from Madinah. Imam Ahmad quotes Abu Naziya, the ready-made cloth merchant in Kufa that Imam Ali (a.s.) purchased two shirts from his shop, one was of a superior quality, which he gave to his slave Qambar and the other which was of rough quality and cheap, he reserved it for himself.

Imam Ali (a.s.) was hardworking man with pleasing personality. He worked hard to cultivate farming and orchards and then gave them away for the sake of Allah. Once, he dug a well and endowed in charity. He further elaborated in writing that its income should be used to help poor and destitute, travelers, to arrange expenses of marriages of orphans, medical expenses of the poor, any work to help for public benefit.  

THE MARTYRDOM OF THE SEVENTH INFALLIBLE IMAM MUSA AL-KAZIM (A.S.)

Imam Musa al-Kazim (a.s.) was born at Abwa-between Makkah and Madinah on 7^th Safar 128 A.H. His parents were the Infallible Imam Jaffer al-Sadiq (a.s.) and Hazrat Hamida (s.a.). His matchless devotion and worship of Allah had earned him the title of “al-Abd as-Saleh” (virtuous slave of Allah). Generosity was synonymous with his name which continued even after his Martyrdom. His additional title is “Babul Hawa’ij” (the door to fulfilling needs).

He passed twenty years of his sacred life under the patronage of his sacred father. His inherent genius and gifted virtues combined with the enlightened guidance of Imam Jaffer al-Sadiq (a.s.) reflected in the manifestation of his future personality. Allama Majlisi narrates that once Abu Hanifa came to ask some religious questions from Imam Jaffer al-Sadiq (a.s.). As his father was sleeping, Imam Musa al-Kazim (a.s.), who was five years old at that time, came out to see him. After offering him his best compliments, he asked the young Imam (a.s.): “O Son of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.)! What is your opinion about the deeds of a man? Does he himself do it or God makes him do it?”

The young Imam replied at once, in the typical tone of his ancestors, “The deeds of a man are confined to three possibilities. First, that God alone does them while the man is completely helpless. Second, that both God and man equally share the commitment. Third, the man does them alone. If the first assumption is true then it shows the unjustness of God, Who punishes His creatures who did not commit the sins by their free will. In case of second scenario, God is still unjust because He is equally responsible for the sin. Because God can never be unjust, hence the first two scenarios are out of question. Now only the third scenario is left in which the man is wholly responsible for his deeds.

His period of Imamate was 35 years. For the first decade, he discharged his spiritual responsibilities of his sacred office and propagated the Golden Teachings of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.). But thereafter, the kings made his life miserable and being afraid of the people’s love for Ahlul-Bayt (a.s.), they placed him in various prisons. He had seen the reigns of Mansur ad-Dawaniqi, al-Mahdi and Harun ar-Rasheed. Mansur and Harun were the despotic kings who killed numerous innocent descendants of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.).

Ibne Hajar al-Haytami said: “The patience and forbearance of the Imam (a.s.) was such that he was given the title of “al-Kazim” (one who bears up his anger).” He devoted his nights in the prayers and during the days, he fast. Like his ancestors, he always forgave those who did oppressed him.

The kings of Banu Umayyad and Banu Abbas were aware that the leadership of Muslim Ummah rightly belonged to the Ahlul-Bayt (a.s.) and they were the usurpers of their rights. Hence every king tried by all possible means to undermine their status, keep them away from the Muslim populace. Consequently, they were subjected to oppression, imprisonment and outright use of military power at the time of the Infallible Imam Hasan (a.s.) and Imam Husayn (a.s.)

Harun’s conspiracy against the Imam (a.s.): Harun sent his minister, Yahya Barmaki, to the Imam a week before his Martyrdom with a message written in a soft and nice tone: “Send my regards to my cousin and tell him it has been proven to us that you have committed no sin and are blame- less. However, I have unfortunately made an oath and cannot break my word. I have made an oath not to free you before you have confessed to sinning and request me for forgiveness. No one needs to know. It is enough if you confess in the presence of Yahiya and say, ‘I am sorry I have breached your trust and I want the caliph to forgive me.’ I will then set you free.” The Imam (a.s.) replied to Yahya Barmaki: “Tell Harun that there is not much time left of my life!” The Imam (a.s.) was poisoned after a week and was martyred on 25^th Rajab 183 A.H.

Bishr Hafi and the Imam (a.s.): One day, the Imam (a.s.) was passing through the alleys of Baghdad. The sounds of music were exploding from a house. Incidentally, one of the servants came out to empty some garbage. The Imam (a.s.) asked the servant: “Does this house belong to a free man or a slave?” The servant replied:” This is the house of Bishr Hafi, one of the authorities and aristocrats, of course he is a free man.” The Imam replied: “Yes, it must belong to a free man. If he was enslaved, all these noises would not be coming out of his house.” When the servant returned inside the house, Bishr asked the servant: “What took you so long?” The servant described the whole conversation. Bishr realized that he must be Imam Musa al-Kazim (a.s.). He asked the servant in which direction the Imam (a.s.) went, and although he was bare-footed, he ran in the direction and threw himself at the feet of the Imam (a.s.) and said: “Maula, from this time, I want to be Allah’s slave.”

Safwan Jammal and Harun: Safwan Jammal was an influential businessman dealing in renting the camels. One day, Harun wanted to go on a trip to Makkah, and signed a contract with Safwan for renting the huge fleet of camels. Safwan was also one of the followers and the companions of Imam Musa al-Kazim (a.s.). When he came to see the Imam (a.s.), he showed his displeasure over the deal. Safwan sold away the business right away. When Harun came to know about it, he summoned Safwan and wanted to know the real reason for the sale. Harun said that he knew that the Imam (a.s.) had influenced his decision. Harun threatened that because of the long relations with Safwan and his family he was leaving him alone, otherwise, he would have killed Safwan.

Sayings of the Imam (a.s.):

No charity is superior than giving a helping hand to the weak.

Never bother to learning something not knowing of which does not do you any harm, and never neglect to learn something whose negligence will increase your ignorance.

Moderation is half of the livelihood.

Amicability is half of the intelligence.

Hastiness is the true clumsiness.

The one whose two days are equal is a loser.

Never be an arrogant, for one who has even a little arrogance in his heart will not enter Paradise.

Make piety your ship to sail safely, faith its cargo, trust in Allah its sails, and intellect its sailor, knowledge its guide, and patience its passengers.

Dua changes what has been destined and what has not been destined.

A man asked about “conviction”, the Imam replied: “The conviction is to depend upon Allah, submit to Him, consent to His acts, and entrust Him with the affairs.

Sources used:

A Survey into the lives of The Infallible Imams                               by Ayatullah Murtadha Mutahhari

Brief History of the Fourteen Infallibles                                           by Al-Islam.org

Living Right Way                                                                              by Ayatullah Jawad Tehrani

Sayings of Imam Musa al-Kazim (a.s.)                                             by Ali Moula.com

THE IMPORTANCE OF GHADEER IN ISLAM

It is belief of every Muslim that right from the Prophet Adam to the last Prophet, every Messenger preached Islam. Is it possible to believe that Allah had left the Muslims without a frame work for them to follow till the Day of Resurrection? Allah was completely aware of the events to follow till the Day of Resurrection and beyond.

Imam Ali (a.s.)’s appointment as the successor may be noticed from the day of “Dawat-al-Zul’Asheerah” when the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) was ordered by Allah to openly invite the people towards Islam. After his formal announcement, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) inquired who could help him in his efforts to preach and protect Islam, at that time Imam Ali (a.s.) though the youngest in the audience, offered his services three times as none came forward to help. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) proclaimed, “Behold my brother, my Vazir (Successor) and the executor of my will among you. Listen to him and obey him.” This was the confirmation by Allah that after the culmination of Prophet hood, the Wilayah or Imamate will continue till the Day of Resurrection. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) speaks only what is directed by Allah as per surah al-Najm Ayah 3-4, “Wa Ma Yantiqu Anil Hawa, In Howa Illah Wahiyn Yuha” “He (Muhammad) does not speak out of his desires. It (whatever he says) is a revelation which has been revealed to him.”

Similarly, a needy person entered the Mosque of the Prophet in Madinah and solicited charity while the Muslims were praying, Imam Ali (a.s.) who was bowing down in salat, pointed his finger in which there was a ring and the needy person took it out and left the Mosque and Ayah 55 of Surah al-Maida was revealed, “Innama Waliukumullahu Wa Rasuluhu Wallazina Amanullazina Yaqimunassalata Wa Yutunazzakata Wa Hum Ra’keun.” “Verily, your guardian (Walyy) is only Allah, His Messenger, and those who believe, those who establish prayer and pay the poor rate while bowing down (in the prayer)”

In Ayah al-Mubelah, Allah confirmed the highest status of Imam Ali (a.s.) to His Messenger when Imam Ali (a.s.) accompanied him (s.a.w.a.s.) as his soul or “Nafs” as explained in Surah Ale-Imran Ayah 61, “Faman Hajjaka Fihe Min Ba’de Ma’ja’aka Minal Ilme Faqul Ta-lau Nadu Abna’ana Wa Abna’kum, Nisa’ana wa Nisa’ukum, Wa Infusana Wa Anfusukum Summa Nab’tahil Fa’najalaLa’natallahe Alal’Kazebeen.” “If anyone disputes after knowledge has come to you, say, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women and our selves and your selves and pray to Allah to curse (condemn) the liars among us.”

The bravery of Imam Ali (a.s.) was first known to people in the Battle of Badr when 36 polytheists out of 70 were killed by him. In the Battle of Trench (Khandaq), the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said, “Total faith (Iman) is going to fight Total disbelief (Kufr) ““One stroke of Ali on the day of Khandaq, is heavier than all the good deeds of my Ummah till the Day of Judgment.” On the eve of the Battle of Khyber, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said, “Tomorrow, I will give the standard of Islam to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger and Allah and His Messenger love him and does not run away from the battlefield and he will not return until Allah grants victory at his hands.

Ultimately, about 3 months before his demise from this world, Allah cautioned the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) to announce the successorship of Imam Ali at Ghadeer-e-Khumm Ayah 67 Surah al-Maida refers, “O Messenger, proclaim what is revealed to you from your Lord. If you did not do so, it will be as though you have not conveyed His message. Allah protects you from men. He does not guide the unbelieving people.”

Every detail about different prayers or social situations included in the complete code of life in a Muslim society was communicated and practically demonstrated by the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.). What important message was left for which Allah used this tone for His Messenger that if he did not do it then it would be considered that he did not performed his task of Messenger ship? This was the last time before his death that more than 100,000 companions were at hand and from this point, the routes were splitting towards different directions and the pilgrims will return to their homes. After giving a detailed sermon about Islamic principles, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) raised Imam Ali and said, “Man Kuntu Mawla Fahaza Aliun Mawla”” Whoever’s master I am, Ali is also his master.” The last Ayah of Glorious Qur’an was revealed, “On this day I have perfected your religion, completed My favors to you.” (5:3) It is perfectly clear that the Vilayet of Imam Ali is so important that when his Coronation was solemnized, then the religion was complete!

THE UNIQUE BIRTH OF IMAM ALI (A.S.) INSIDE THE HOUSE OF ALLAH - KA'BA

Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.) was born in the year 600 A.D. on 13 Rajab 30th Year of Elephant in Makkah. His father was the Protector of the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.), Hazrat Abu Talib (a.s.) and his mother was Sayyida Fatima Bint Asad (s.a.). Her grandfather was Hazrat Hashim (a.s.). She was a monotheist like all the ancestors of all the Prophets of Allah.

She went to the Sacred Ka’ba and while she was circumambulating, she felt the pains of delivery. She prayed to Allah: “O Allah! I believe in You, and in the Messengers and the Scripts You have sent. I believe in what my grandfather Ibrahim, who built the Ancient House (Ka’ba), believed in. So, for the sake of the Builder of this House, and for the sake of the child in my womb, who talks to me and who is my helper and friend, I implore You to make my labor easy. The child I am carrying is a sign of Your Greatness and Power.” (Al-Arbili, Kashf Al-Ghummah, volume 1 chapter on Imam Ali)

Hazrat Fatima bint Asad (s.a.) leaned against the wall of Ka’ba to rest. Miraculously, the wall cracked opened. Hazrat Fatima bint Asad (s.a.) entered and the wall closed behind her. Hazrat Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.)’s uncle witnessed this miracle. He and his companions rushed to the gate of the Sacred House, which was locked, and tried in vain to open it. Understanding that the Divinity was at work there, he and his companions ceased to interfere. The news of this miracle spread throughout Makkah like wild fire.

Imam Ali (a.s.) was born within the Ka’ba with his eyes closed and his body in humble prostration before the Almighty Allah. Hazrat Fatima bint Asad (s.a.) stayed in Ka’ba for three days and as the fourth day approached, she stepped out carrying her baby in her arms. She found the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) waiting to receive the new-born child in his anxious arms. Hence, the first face that little Imam Ali (a.s.) saw in this world was the smiling face of his cousin the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.). Imam Ali (a.s.) said, “Assalaamu alaika ya Rasool Allah” Thus it is confirmed that he (a.s.) was a born Muslim. Imam Ali (a.s.)’s first food was the saliva of the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) when he gave his tongue into the mouth of the baby. The Muslims use the phrase “Karramallahu Wajha” for Imam Ali (a.s.) meaning the one who never prostrated to idols!

No one was ever born or will ever be born inside the Sacred House of Allah, An Arabic poet said, “He is the one for whom House of Allah was turned into a maternity home; And he is the one who threw idols out of the House; Ali was the first and the last child ever to be born in the Ka’ba.”  This unique distinction was reserved for Imam Ali (a.s.). Hazrat Fatima bint Asad (s.a.) had said about this special privilege Allah had granted to her and said: “Allah preferred me to all women before me. Assiyah (wife of the Pharaoh) performed the acts of worship in seclusion where Allah did not like to be worshiped except in case of necessity. Mary (s.a.), the daughter of Imran, shook the trunk of the Pam- tree and ripe dates fell upon her. I entered the House of Allah and ate fruits of Paradise, when I was about to leave the place, I heard the Divine call: O Fatima! Name your son Ali because he is high and his Lord Most High. I gave him a name derived from My Own Name. I cultured him the way I willed. I made known to him the intricacies of My Own Omniscience. He is the one to crush the idols in My House. He is the one to call the people to prayer from the roof of My House. He worships Me. Blessed are those who love him, and woe to those who are his enemies.”

His birth in Ka’ba had been reported both by Shi’i and Sunni scholars. To name a few are as under:

Masoodi in Murroj-udh-Dhahab, Muhammad ibn Talha al-Shafei in Matalib-us-Saool, Hakim in Mustadrak, Al-Umair in Sharh Ainia, Halabi in Sira, Sibt ibn al-Jauzi in Tadhkira Khawasil Ummah, Ibne Sabbagh Maliki in Fusoolul Mohimma, Muhammad bin Yousuf Shafei in Kifayat al-Talib, Shablangi in Nurul Absar, Ibne Zahra in Ghiythul Ikhtisar.

Among the modern historians, Abbas Mahmood al-Akkad of Cairo (1970), Egypt, writes in his book Al-Abqarriyet al-Imam Ali that Ali ibne Abi Talib was born inside the Ka’ba.

Another contemporary historian, Mahmood Saeed al-Tantawi, of the Supreme Council of Islamic Affair, Arab Republic of Egypt writes: “May God have mercy upon Ali ibne Abi Talib. He was born in Ka’ba. He witnessed the rise of Islam; he witnessed the Dawah of Muhammad, and he was a witness of the Wahi (Revelation of Quran al-Majid). He immediately accepted Islam even though he was still a child, and he fought all his life so that the word of Allah would be supreme.”

Dr. Taha Husain of Egypt says that Messenger of God became himself Ali’s guide, teacher and instructor, and this is one more distinction that he enjoys, and which no one else shares with him (Ali).

Miraculous birth of Imam Ali has many important points to ponder:

Sayyida Fatima bint Asad did not enter the Holy Ka’ba through the door but Allah opened an unusual opening. When Prophet Isa was born, Lady Mariam was told to leave the place of worship and go outside. What was the sustenance of Sayyida Fatima bint Asad for three days? When she entered the Ka’ba, Hazrat Abbas, Hazrat Abu Talib tried to open the door but it will not open, why? On the fourth day, the wall of Ka’ba again opened to give passage to her and the Priceless baby. Imam Ali (a.s.) did not open his eyes for three days while he was inside the Kaaba and opened only when the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) took him in his arms and saw his sacred face when opened his eyes. He (s.a.w.a.s.) placed his noble tongue in Imam Ali (a.s.)’s mouth.

G.E. Von Grunebaum, a German historian, said, “Islam presents the spectacle of the development of a world religion in the full light of history.

There is no part of his life, whether it is his infancy, childhood, boyhood, youth, manhood, or maturity, that is hidden from the spotlight of history. He was the cynosure of all eyes from his birth to his death. In the years to come, the creative synergy of Muhammad and Ali – the master and the disciple – was going to place the “Kingdom of Heaven” on the map of the world.”

Sources used:

Imamreza Network, The birth of Ali Ibn Abi Talib by Sayyid Ali Asghar Razwy, WIKIPEDIA

BATTLE OF KHYBER AND THE COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL IMAM ALI (A.S.)

Khyber was a locality about 96 kilometers from Madinah. It consisted of 8-10 strong forts where the Jews lived and gave refuge to the enemies of Islam. In the year 7 A.H. the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) got the information about conspiracy being hatched by them in connivance with other enemies of Islam. He decided to tackle the problem. He(s.a.w.a.s.) led a force of about 1,400 and laid siege at Khyber which lasted for about a month. There were about 14,000 Jewish fighters protecting the fort of Qamoos. Some individual battles followed by a general assault but could not produce any tangible result because the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) did not command the attack and the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) was sick. (Tarikh Abul Fada v.1 page 187) Caliph Abu Bakr and Umar both tried to fight but returned unsuccessful. At last, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said, “Tomorrow I will award the standard to a man, who loves Allah and His Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) and Allah and His Messenger loves him. He attacks forcefully and does not run away from the battlefield and he will not return until Allah grants victory at his hands.” The next day, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.)  called for Imam Ali (a.s.) but was told that he was suffering from an eye disease, but he was called anyway and the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) applied his sacred saliva on his eyes and he was immediately cured completely, and he was awarded the standard. Imam Ali (a.s.) led the Islamic forces to the fort, and when they reached near the fort, the battle was started by the Jews. One of their strong men Harris attacked and martyred two Muslims after which Imam Ali (a.s.) took on Harris and killed him. He was followed by one of the strongest men among Jews – Marhab. Marhab also met the same fate. His body was divided into two parts by the Zulfiqar of Imam Ali (a.s.). After this a general attack started and the Muslim Army fought with lot of courage under the leadership of Imam Ali (a.s.). Realizing that they were losing the battle, the Jews started to run towards the fort and closed the huge iron gate of the fort from inside. This was the gate which used to be opened and closed by 40 strong men. Imam Ali (a.s.) alone lifted and broke the gate in one strong jolt. He then used the same gate to make a bridge on a trench so that Islamic forces could enter the fort and capture it. The remaining frightful Jews cried of mercy and Imam Ali (a.s.) stopped the battle and declared peace for those who surrendered.

It is reported in another report that Marhab’s mother saw in her dream that a lion had killed her, hence she told him never fight a person whose names resembles a lion. Imam Ali (a.s.) went towards the fort with one of the companions named Abu Rafay, who narrates, “When we arrived at the top of the hill, Ali established the banner on the rocks! An old Jewish guard asked Imam Ali (a.s.), “Who are you?” Imam Ali (a.s.) replied, “I am the one who was named ‘Hyder’ by his mother, I am the lion of the valley, I am the great lion, the lion who attacks his prey by chasing it.” The old man turned to his people inside the fort and said, “You are destroyed!”

Jaffar bin Abu Talib also returned from Abyssinia on this auspicious occasion and the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said, “I don’t know what makes me happier today, my brother Ali conquering the fort of Khyber or my brother Jaffar returning from Abyssinia after 12 years!” At the time of sending Imam Ali (a.s.) against Marhab, the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) used the word, “Fatah”. In Arabic, the word has many meanings but, in this case, it means to open, to conquer, and to begin. Imam Ali (a.s.) was victorious, he opened the closed gate of Khyber, and the conquest of Khyber turned out to be a long-lasting prosperity for the Ummah.

Before the conquest of Khyber, the economic conditions of the Muslims were vey bad. Imam Bukhari reported that Abdullah ibn Umar had said, “We were hungry at all times until the conquest of Khyber!” Aisha, the Prophet’s wife had also said, “It was not until the conquest of Khyber that I could eat dates to my heart’s content.” According to S. Margoliouth, “The conquest of Khyber conferred unlimited benefits upon Muslims e.g. immense quantity of gold and silver, the finest arsenal of weaponry, vast herds of horses, camels, cattle and rich arable lands with palm groves.”

                                Sources: A restatement of history of Islam and Muslims by Sayyid Ali Asghar Razwy, Ziaraat.com

BATTLE OF TRENCH (KHANDAQ) AND THE COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL IMAM ALI (A.S.)

This battle is also called the battle of Ah’zab. It involved seven tribes who were moving towards Madinah under Abu Jahal with a combined force of 24,000. Muslims were 3,000 under the command of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.). Hazrat Salman Farsi, later named as Salman Muhammadi, advised to dig a trench around the city to prevent the invaders from entering the city. Every Muslim, including the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) was involved in digging the earth. When the invaders arrived, they were surprised to see the trench as it was not known in Arabian Peninsula. They laid siege to the city for 20 days. Banu Quraidha, the followers of the Scripture, had signed a covenant of peace with the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.), joined the Pagans providing additional men and equipment. This treacherous action was a frightening surprise to the Muslims. The hypocrites in the Muslims ranks circulated frightening rumors further increasing their fears. Surah al-ahzab Ayah 10-13 refers to the situation, “Eyes became dull and hearts almost reached the throat when they attacked you from above and below and you started to think of Allah with suspicion. It was there that the hypocrites and those whose hearts were sick, said, “The promise of Allah and His Messenger has proved to be nothing but deceit. Our homes are defenseless. “In fact, they were not defenseless. They only wanted to run away.”

Amr ibne Abduwud, a courageous man ventured to cross the trench out of 24,000 fighters, speaks volumes about him. He challenged the Muslims for a duel but there was no response from the companions. Imam Ali (a.s.) requested permission from the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) who asked him to wait. The second caliph further scared the companions by saying that Amr fought with 1,000 people at one time! Amr again called for a dueler but still no response came from the companions. Imam Ali (a.s.) again sought permission and was refused by the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.), perhaps he wanted to give chance to any other companion to fight. Now Amr said, “You Muslims have been made to believe that there is Jannah, is there anyone among you who has the courage to challenge me so that I can kill him and send him to his Jannah.” The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) asked his companions, “Is there anyone among you who could stop the non-sense of this dog?” This time also Imam Ali (a.s.) rose up and the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.)  gave him his turban, iron dress, and his sword, Zulfiqar and said, “Total Faith (Iman) is going against total infidalism (Kufr)” Amr Ibn Abduwud said, “Your father was my friend I would not like to kill you.” Imam Ali (a.s.) replied, “By God, I would love to kill you. “The duel started and dust enveloped them and when the dust subsided the onlookers saw Imam Ali (a.s.) was holding Amr’s head and the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) shouted “Allah-o-Akbar” – God is Great, and prayed that Allah grant such a stature to Ali that has not been granted to anyone until then nor in future. At that moment Gibeil came and said, “Allah has sent Salam to you and sent this box as a gift for Imam Ali (a.s.). The box contained a green cloth with two lines written on it, “Tohfatut Talibul Ghalib ila Ali ibn Abi Talib” meaning this is the gift of Allah towards Imam Ali (a.s.). Allah also praised Imam Ali (a.s.) in Surah al-Ahzab Aya 25, “Allah repelled the unbelievers in their rage. They could not achieve anything good. Allah rendered enough support to the believers in fighting. Allah is All-powerful and Majestic.” The Noble Messenger said, “One stroke of Ali at the day of Khandaq is heavier than all the good deeds of my Ummah until the Day of Judgment.”

Imam Ali (a.s.)’s initiative of killing the strong man of Pagans and stopped the inflow of enemy forces prevented the catastrophe of 24,000 fighters crossing the trench. Amr ibn Abduwud’s death proved to the enemy that if he could not survive, no one can. Hence there were two options open to them. Continuity of siege not possible as the food supplies were dwindling. Hurricane like wind caused damages. Hence, they opted for the other option and lifted the siege and went back.

                Source: Duas.org, Ziaraat.com, Yanabe-ul-Muwaddat

BATTLE OF UHAD AND THE COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL IMAM ALI (A.S.)

The Quraish worked day and night for the next year to avenge their defeat at the Battle of Badr and determined to kill the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) and the Muslims. They marched towards Madinah with a strong army of 3,000 fighters (on camels and 200 horses) and arrived at Uhad, about 5 miles from Madinah. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s) solicited the opinions of his companions; majority agreed to fight outside of the city of Madinah, but the famous hypocrite Abdullah ibn Ubai favored to fight in side Madinah. Muslims started with 1,000 fighters but 300 of them led by Ubai decided to quit and returned to Madinah leaving the Noble Messenger with 700 men.

The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) deployed 50 men at the slope of the Mount of Uhad to protect the Muslim army from rear attack and gave clear instructions not to leave the slope at any cost. Quraish’s standard bearer and strong man Talha ibn Abu Talha asked for a duel and the Commander of Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) came out to face him and swiftly gave him a blow by his sword on his head which split. His brother picked up the standard and he too was killed by Imam Ali and in this manner all the 9 standard bearers were killed by Imam Ali. Having lost all the standard bearers, the enemy was frightened, and the Muslims led by Imam Ali, Hazrat Hamza and Abu Dujana and were forced to flee leaving their camps. Muslims entered the camps and started collecting the war spoils. Seeing this most of the marksmen deployed at the slope of Mount Uhad deserted their position defying their commander’s advice. Khalid bin Waleed saw this opportunity and returned to the slope, killed a few fighters and started to attack the Muslims who were busy collecting the spoils! This reckless behavior turned the winning battle into a defeat. Muslims were fleeing refusing to look back while the Noble Messenger (seaways.) was calling upon them to come back. They gathered safely on top of the nearby mountain.

The blow to the Muslims was the tragic martyrdom of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s)’s uncle Hazrat Hamza (a.s.). Abu Sufyan’s wife (Muawiya’s mother and Yazid’s grandmother), Hind also travelled to Uhad as she was wildly angered by the death of her near ones in the Battle of Badr. She had offered a good sum of money to an Abyssinian named wahshi to kill one of the Hashemites, i.e. the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.), Imam Ali (a.s.) or Hazrat Hamza (a.s.). Wahshi killed Hazrat Hamza and Hind came to his dead body and asked him to cut open his belly and extricate his liver. She chewed his liver and desecrated his body by cutting body parts and wore them as garland!

Imam Ali was the only one left at the Noble Messenger (seaways.) side, although some of them returned. According to al-Tabari who reported that when a group of pagans was coming to him, he (s.a.w.a.s.) asked Imam Ali to charge them and he would force them to retreat. This situation was repeated many times and Imam Ali dispersed them. Amazed by Imam Ali’s sacrifice, Gabriel said, “Messenger of God, what a redeemer Ali is” The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) replied, “Because he is from me and I am from him” Gabriel replied, “I am from both of you” At this time a voice was heard saying, “La Fata  Illah Ali la saif Illah Zulfiqar” “There is no youth full of manhood but Ali, and no sword comparable to Zulfiqar” The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) was hurt, lost few teeth and Sayyida Fatima Zahra (s.a.) came to the battlefield and gave medical aid to her father.

After the battle, people returned to Madinah and the women mourned the death of their loved ones. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) passed through these houses and tears rolled from his eyes and he said” …. but there is no one to mourn the death of Hamza. Some companions asked their women to go to Sayyida Fatima Zahra (s.a.)’s house and condole the death of Hazrat Hamza.

                Source: Battle of Uhad by Shaykh Muhammad Jawad Chirri, Ziaraat com, Duas.org

                                Hayat-al-Qulub by Allama Baqir Majlisi

BATTLE OF BADR AND THE COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL IMAM ALI (A.S.)

The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) was called “The Most Truthful” and “The Trustworthy” by the Quraish of Makkah. As soon as he (s.a.w.a.s.) proclaimed that he was the Prophet of God and was assigned the task to guide the humanity, they became his arch enemy. After the sad demise of his “Protector” Hazrat Abu Talib (a.s.) and the “Sole Financial Supporter” of Islam Sayyida Khadija (s.a.), the Quraish became openly hostile to him. This led to the Migration to Madinah. Their hatred for Islam continued and were bent upon destroying Islam at any cost.

Abu Jahal led 1,000 armed men of Quraish riding on 100 horses and 700 camels encamped near the well of Badr. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) had 313 Muslims having only 2 horses and 70 camels to face them.

The situation was so delicate that the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) raised his hands and prayed to Allah (s.w.t.), “O Allah! This is Quraish. It has come with all its arrogance and boastfulness, trying to discredit your Apostle. O Allah! I ask you to humiliate them tomorrow. O Allah! If this Muslim band will perish today, You shall not be worshiped.

It was 17 Ramazan 2 A.H. As usual, the duel started, The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) sent Hazrat Hamza to face Utba bin Rabiah, Imam Ali (a.s.) to face Walid bin Utba and Obeidah to face Shaibah. Hazrat Hamza and Imam Ali (a.s.) killed their opponents easily. Obeidah killed his opponent but he himself was seriously hurt and died later, the first martyr of Islam. Then general fight broke out and the battle was finished within 3 to 4 hours. The casualties of enemy were 70 killed out of which 36 were killed by the Commander of the faithful Imam Ali (a.s.). Muslims took 70 prisoners out of which the rich paid the ransom and were free and for the remainder they were required to teach 10 Muslims each to read and write. Prisoners later praised the Muslims saying, “Blessed be the men of Madinah; they made us ride while they walked, they gave us wheat and bread to eat, while they ate dates.   

The Progeny of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) were unique creation of Allah; although, they came in this world as human being, but they were superior souls. Can any human think of being Pure as described in Ayah-e-Tatheer. On the occasion of Mubahela, the authenticity of Islam was at stake. Had the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) taken with him people other than his Progeny (a.s.) who might have told lies in their life time, that would have negated the cause of Islam and the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s)'s truthfulness. Some commentators award Imam Ali (a.s.) the title of “Hero of Battle of Badr”. This is unworthy of a man who was “The Soul of the Prophet” (the Nafs-e- Rasool).

The Battle of Badr strengthened the faith of Muslims and laid the foundation of Islamic State and made the Muslims a force to be reckoned with by the dwellers of the Arabian Peninsula.

The abnormal and supernatural performance of the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) started to be known to the world. The climax was seen by the world when in a later battle of Khyber, Imam Ali (a.s.) extricated the mammoth gate of the fort which was so heavy and strong that used to be opened and closed by 40 strong men!

Battle of Badr mentioned in the Glorious Qur’an, some of such instances are: Surah al-Imran Ayah 13 which says, “There, certainly, is evidence (of the existence of Allah) for you in the case of the two armies. One of them fought for the cause of Allah. The other was of the unbelievers. The unbelievers appeared to be twice the size of the believers. However, Allah supports, through His help, whomever He wants. It is a good lesson for the people of true vision.” Surah al-Imran Ayah 123 which says, “Allah gave you victory in the Battle of Badr, where your forces were much weaker than those of the enemy. Have fear of Allah so that you may give Him thanks.”

Sources: The Glorious Qur’an, Encyclopedia WIKISHIA, Restatement of the History of Islam by Sayyid Asghar Razwy, Hazrate Ali.blogspot.com, YAIMAM.com, Duas.org

THE IMPORTANCE AND SUPPLICATIONS DURING THE MONTH OF RAJAB AL-MURAJJAB

Rajab is the seventh month of the Islamic Lunar Calendar. It is one of the four months in which even pagans did not engage in war fare. It is the month of supplications and seeking repentance. There are many Dua’as; some of them are for specific dates and others may be recited on any day of the month. Following are the important dates:

Rajab 1^st                               Birth Day of the Infallible Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.)

Rajab 3^rd                              Martyrdom of the Infallible Imam Ali al-Naqi (a.s.)

Rajab 5^th                               Birth Day of the Infallible Imam Ali al-Naqi (a.s.)

Rajab 9^th                               Birth Day of the son (Ali al-Asghar) of the King of Martyrs

Rajab 10^th                            Birth Day of the Infallible Imam Muhammad Taqi (a.s.)

Rajab 13^th                            Birth Day of the Infallible Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s.) inside sacred Ka’ba

Rajab 20^th                            Birth Day of the daughter of the King of Martyrs Sayyida Sakina (a.s.)

Rajab 22^nd                            Nazar of the Infallible Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (a.s.) – Koon day

Rajab 25^th                            Martyrdom of the Infallible Imam Musa al-Kazim (a.s.)

Rajab 27^th                            Ascension-Mai’raj night

Rajab 28^th                            Journey of the King of Martyrs the Infallible Imam Husayn (a.s.) towards Karbala

According to the Traditions, the following supplications and Dua’as are recommended:

Whosoever fasts (even one day) during the month of Rajab, gets Allah’s pleasure. Request forgiveness and turn repentant to Allah as much as one can. There is big reward for Sadaqa and charity in this month.  Repeat “La Ilaha Illallah” 1,000 times. Repeat “Astaghfirullaha Zul Jalale Wal Ikram Min Jamee al Zunoobi Wal Aathaam” 1,000 times. Recite 1,000 times Surah Ikhlas (or at least 100 times). 

Hazrat Salman al-Muhammadi narrates that the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) said: “O Salman, whoever recites 10 raka’at salat on the first day of Rajab, 15^th day of Rajab and the last day of Rajab and in each raka’at recite Surah al-Fateha once, Surah Ikhlas three times, and Surah Kafiroon three times and after Salaam read the supplications (Arabic version may be seen in Mafatih-al-Jinan of Shaykh Abbas Qummi) on each of the three days, and pray for his wishes and needs, your supplication will be accepted by Allah (s.w.t.) and will create 70 trenches between you and the Hell-Fire, the distance between each trench will be like it is between Heaven and Earth, and will be decreed for you freedom from Hell-Fire and safe crossing on the Bridge of al- Siraat.”

Aa’mal –e-Umme Dawood is performed on the 15^th Rajab. One should fast on the 13^th, 14^th, and 15^th of Rajab which are called the “Ayyam al-Bayz”

Aa’maal of 1^st Rajab: Keep fast on this day, take a shower, wear new clothes, recite Ziayrat-e-Imam Husayn (a.s.), and read the “Namaz of Salman al-Muhammadi” as stated above.

Aa’maal of the night of 7^th Rajab: The Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) said: “If a person recites 4 raka’at namaz such that after Surah al-Hamd recites Surah al-Tawheed three times, recites Surah al-Falaq and Surah al-Naas once. After finishing namaz, recites Salawaat and 10 times Tasbeehat-e-Ar’ba’a, Allah will offer him shelter under the Arsh and give him the reward of fasting one month of Ramazaan. The angels will pray for his forgiveness till he completes the namaz. Allah will ease the pangs of death on him and save him from the squeeze in the grave. He will not die unless he sees his place in Paradise and will be safe from the hardships of The Day of Resurrection.

A’amaal of the 15^th night (night between 14 and 15) of Rajab: Take a shower and spend the night in prayer (Ibadah). Recite Ziarat-e-Imam Husayn (a.s.). Dau’d bin Sarhan reported from Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (a.s.) that 12 raka’at namaz may be performed and after finishing the namaaz, recite 4 times: Surah al-Hamd, Surah al-Falaq, Surah al-Naas, Surah Ikhlas, and Ayatal Kursi.

Aa’maal for Lailatul Raghaib-the first Thursday of Rajab, and a’amaal for 26 and 27 of Rajab may be seen in any of the following books or web-sites:

Mafatih al-Jinan, Sibtayn International Foundation, Islamic occasion, Jafari a News, and Ziaraat.com

ETTIQUATES AND MANNERS STATED IN SURAH AL-HUJURAT

Surah Hujurat is the 49^th Surah of the Glorious Qur’an. It deals with different social situations advising the Muslims to behave in a reasonable manner. This Surah may be called the “Surah of Ettiquettes”. The theme may be summarized as:

The Muslims were prohibited from making any decision ahead of Allah and the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s).

Never talk in high pitch in front of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) as they used to talk with their friends as they may forfeit their virtuous deeds. Those who lower their voices in front of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) are the pious ones who will be rewarded and forgiven by Allah. The ignorant persons used to call the Exalted Prophet from outside of his house. They should have waited for the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) to come out and then speak to him.

If an evil-doer brings any news, verify it before taking any hasty decision on that news, otherwise one will regret it later.

The Muslims were supposed to obey him (s.a.w.a.s.), they will be in trouble if he (s.a.w.a.s.) obeys them. Allah had endeared faith in their hearts and has made committing sins hateful for them.

Allah directs that if two believers fight then it is obligatory on other Muslims to make peace between them. If one of the parties outrages the other, then fight with them so that they comply with the Command of Allah. When they comply and ceases to outrage, then make reconciliation between them justly and equitably.

Believers are brothers of one another and if any conflict arises, then make reconciliation among your brothers.

The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s) stated that  Muslims enjoy thirty claims before his Muslim brethren which are: forgive their faults, be kind to them in affliction, keep their secrets, make good for their errors, accept their apologies, defend them against slanderers, be benevolent toward them, watch over their friendship, be steadfast against their pacts, visit them in their ailments, attend their funeral processions, answer their calls, accept their gifts, return their favors, be grateful for their bounties, make efforts to render them aid and support, preserve their dignity and honor, meet their demands, intercede on their behalf, say ‘yarhamakumullah’ when they sneeze, help the find what they have lost, return their greetings, cherish their words, acknowledge their oaths, regard their friends as his own friends,  refrain from enmity against them,  stand by them in afflictions.

Allah prohibits one group of believers to ridicule another one, it may be the latter are better than the former. Similarly, the women should not ridicule other women. It may be that the latter are better than the former. It is an evil practice to defame one another or insult them by calling names. They are wrong doers if they do not repent after committing such acts.

Allah prohibits the believers to have suspicion about others, doing back-biting which is like eating the flesh of back-biter’s dead brother!

Allah created human race from Adam and Eve (Hawwa) and they are equal and made them into nations and tribes for identification only. Indeed, the most honorable one with Allah is that one who fears Allah.

The Bedouin Arabs said that they were believers, Allah said they had only submitted, as faith did not enter their hearts. Believers are those who had believed in Allah and His Prophet and did not have any doubt but strive with their possessions and lives for the cause of Allah. Allah knows what is in people’s hearts, they need not tell Allah about their faith.

People were showing their conversion to Islam as a favor to the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.). On the contrary, Allah had conferred a favor on the Muslims by guiding them towards Islam.

Source: Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur’an