PROPER WAY TO PERFORM SALA'T AS ADVISED BY IMAM JA'FAR AL-SADIQ (A.S.)

Ayatullah Shamsuddin Muhammad al-Maliki al-Amili (r.a.) was called “Shaheed-e-Awwal” meaning “The First Martyr”. He was born in the year 734 A.H. in Jabal al-Amel, an area which is located in present day South Lebanon. He became a Mujtahid at an early age of 35 years and more than 1,000 Mujtahid obtained their permission for Ijtehad from him which is unique! Apparently, he did not perform any ‘Haram’, and ‘Makrooh’ act during his life-time. He was equally proficient in other Sunni Schools of Jurisprudence. Due to the professional jealousy from non-Shia scholars, he was imprisoned for about one year. While in prison, he compiled in 7 days, the famous book on Shia laws of Jurisprudence, al-Lum’ah meaning “The Damascene Glitter”.

Apart from other books, he had also compiled a book called “Forty Hadith”. In hadith number 39; he narrated a hadith from Sheikh Saduq (r.a.) as follows:

                “One of the companions of the Infallible Imam Ja’far al-Sadiq (a.s.), Hammad bin I’esa                    said: “One day Imam Sa’diq (a.s.) said to me: “I hope you perform namaz correctly!” I                         replied: “O my Imam! I have learnt by heart the book “Hariz” about prayer.” The Imam                       said: “Rise up and perform namaz now.” I stood near the Imam facing the House of Allah,                   Ka’ba and recited two rak’at namaz. The Imam said that the namaz was not correct. I felt                     very embarrassed and ashamed. I said: “My life may be ransomed for you; I want to learn                   from you.” The Imam  stood facing Ka’ba while keeping his hands in front on his                         sacred thighs, fingers closed and pointing towards his knees. While standing, he kept                   the distance between the feet as long as three open fingers and pointing straight                             forward. With peace and tranquility he said: “Allaho Akbar” Then the Imam Recited                 Surah al-Hamd and Surah al-Tawheed. After completing Suarah al-Tawheed, he                         paused for a moment and then said: “Allaho Akbar” and went in ruk’u while putting                   his palms on his knees pushing them backwards keeping his fingers open. In this                           position, his back was straight enough that if a drop of water or oil is placed on his                       back, it will stay there. His head was straight in line with the back. Comfortably, he                     recited three times: “Subhana Rabbial Azime Wa Behamdehi” Then he stood up firm                 and said: “SameAllaho Leman Hamedah”. Raised his hands near to his head and                        went into Sajdah while keeping the fingers of the palms closed to one another. He said                  three times:“Subhana Rabbi al-A’la Wa Behamdehi” While in Sajdah, eight parts of                    his body were touching the ground; two palms, two knees, two finger tips of the feet,                    fore-head and nose.

                The Imam said: “It is obligatory (Wa’jib) to place the seven parts of the body on the                  ground; forehead, palms, knees, fingertips of feet. Placing nose on the ground is                            recommended (Sunnah). The Omnipotent Allah said in His Glorious Qur’an: “Verily, the                  mosques are for Allah and do not worship anyone other than Allah”

                After first Sajdah said “Allaho Akbar” sitting by placing his right foot on the sole of his left                foot and said: “Astaghferullahe Rabbi Wa Atoobo Ilaih” and said: “Allaho Akbar” and                 went in Sajdah again. After the completion of first raka’at, the Imam recited the second                        rak’at exactly as the first raka’at then the Imam recited the “Tasha’hud and Salaam” and                 finished the namaz. During the entire namaz, he kept the fingers closed to one another.

                Source used:

                Chehel Hadees (Persian)                                                            by: Muhammad Ali Kusha

                

SALAT AL-AYAT (PRAYER FOR THE SIGNS)

Some phenomenon occurring in nature has uncommon characteristics which create fear among the people. In Islam, Salat al-Ayat has been made obligatory so that man’s attention is diverted towards the Creator of the universe and regard His Power as the source of these changes and occurrences.  

When the son of the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.), Ibrahim died, there was a Solar Eclipse. The people started saying that because of the death of Ibrahim, there was a Solar Eclipse. The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) mounted the pulpit (minbar) and said: “O People! The sun and the moon are the signs of Allah. They run on the respective courses by His command, and they are subservient to Him. Eclipses take place not on account of death or life of anyone. So, if there is Solar or Lunar Eclipse, you offer prayer.” “The Infallible Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (a.s.) narrated that his father the Infallible Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.) said: “Earthquakes, Solar and Lunar Eclipses, strong and dreadful winds, are among the Signs of the Day of Resurrection. Whenever you happen to witness them, think of the Day of Resurrection, seek refuge in the mosques, and stand in prayer.”

 Salat al-Ayat is obligatory on every Muslim, and should be performed at any time as long as he lives. But sooner one performs it, the better. It should be recited on the eve of celestial phenomena like partial or total Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Earthquake, thunder and lightning, red and black strong winds which frightens most of the people. It is obligatory on the Muslims of that particular city where that phenomenon is taking place with intention(niyyah) of “Ada”. It should be recited after the commencement of the event like Lunar Eclipse and before it comes out of the Eclipse. If the Eclipse is ended then the niyyah should be of “Qaza”.  

Method of offering salat al-Ayat:

Salat al-Ayat consists of two raka’at. In each raka’at there are five Ruku. After making the niyyah of offering the salat, one should say Takbir (Allaho Akbar) and recite Surah al-Hamd and any other Surah, and then perform the Ruku. Thereafter, he should stand and recite al-Hamd and any other Surah and then perform another Ruku. He should repeat this action five times, and, when he stands after the fifth Ruku, he should perform two Sajdah, and then stand up to perform the second Raka’t in the same manner as he has done in the first Rak’at. Then he should recite Tashahud and Salam.

If a person doubts as to how many Raka’ats he has offered in Salat al-Ayat, and is unable to arrive at a decision, then his prayer is void, and he should start again.

Sources used:

Islamic Laws by Ayatullah sayyid Ali al-Husayni al-Seestani

Salat al-Ayat by Hujjatal Islam Muhsin Qara’ati

THE SACRIFICE OF PROPHET ISMA'IL (A.S.)

The story of Prophet Ibra’him (a.s.) and his son Prophet Isma’il (a.s.) is narrated in the Glorious Qur’an in Sura al-Saffat Ayah 99 to 109 as stated below:

“And he said: “Verily, I am going to my Lord, He will guide me. My Lord grant me a righteous son. So We gave him the glad tidings of a forbearing boy. And when he (the son) reached (the age of working) with him, he said: O my son! Verily I see in a dream that I shall sacrifice you. Now see what is your view?’ He said, O my father, Do what you are commanded; you will find me, Allah willing, of the patient ones. So when they both submitted (to our command) and he (Ibra’him) laid him (his son) prostrate on his forehead (for sacrifice), And We called out to him: O Ibra’him! Indeed you have proved true the dream; verily thus do We reward the doers of good! This is indeed the manifest trial. And We ransomed him with great sacrifice. And We left (praise) for him among generations (to come) in later times. Peace be on Ibra’him.”

Hazrat Ibrahim is called the “Father of Prophets”. He was in his seventies but did not have any children with Bibi Sarah. Both were very fond of children. Bibi Sarah advised him to marry their servant Bibi Hajerah (Hagar) so that they can have a baby in the house. Hazrat Ibrahim married Bibi Hajerah and Prophet Ismail was born.

A time came when disagreement grew between his two wives and at last one day Prophet Ibrahim brought Prophet Ismail, who was still an infant and Bibi Hajerah to the place where the present day Makkah is located. He left some food and water for them and departed.

When water was finished, Bibi Hajerah went in search of help. She first climbed the Mount Safa and looked around then ran to the opposite side and climbed the Mount Marwah. She kept on running between these mountains in search of water but found nothing. Hazrat Ismail was dragging his feet on the ground and to her surprise she saw a spring of water erupted near his feet. She quenched the thirst of the baby. During the Hajj, Muslims repeat her act of running between these mountains. The spring is still there and is called Zamzam and Hajjis drink this sacred water and take with them. The Glorious Qur’an Sura al-Baqarah Ayah 58 says: “Safa and Marwa (Names of these mountains) are reminders of Allah. It is no sin for one who visits the Sacred House (In Makkah) to walk seven times between Safa and Marwa. Whoever willingly does a good deed in obedience to Allah, he will find Allah All-knowing and fully Appreciative.”

When Hazrat Ismail grew up then Allah commanded them to reconstruct The House of Allah; The Kaabaa. Hence, these two prophets extended the walls of Kaabaa. Allah then revealed Ayah 26-27 in Sura al-Hajj: “When We prepared for Ibrahim the place to build the Sacred House, We told him not to consider any thing equal to Me and to keep the House clean for those walking around it, those standing, bowing down, and prostrating in prayer. (We commanded Ibrahim), Call people for Hajj. They will come on foot and on lean camels from all the distant quarters.”

When Hazrat Ismail was about 14 years of age, one day Hazrat Ibrahim told him that he had a dream which showed as if he was sacrificing him (Ismail), and asked for his decision. By the way he saw that dream 3 times. Unlike normal people, Prophet’s dreams are real and a command of Allah to do certain act. Hazrat Ismail was also a prophet and he was fully aware that it was a command of Allah. He replied to his father that he should comply with Allah’s command and that, by the Will of Allah, he will be among the patient ones.

Next day Hazrat Ibrahim picked up a knife and a rope and took Hazrat Ismail along with him and both proceeded towards Arafaat, a suburb of Makkah. When Hazrat Hajerah inquired as to why he was taking a knife and a rope, he replied that he might need it at his friend’s house to slaughter a goat. At Mina, Shaytan tried to persuade him to abandon the sacrifice. He refused to listen and as he was bothering the prophet, he threw stone at him (Shaytan) 7 times. During Hajj, Muslims go to the place “Jamaraat” and repeat the sunnat-e-Ibrahimi and they also throw stones 7 times. Prophet Ibrahim had blind-folded himself so that he may not witness the pain and distress of his son. He also tied-up Hazrat Ismail’s hands and legs to reduce struggle during the sacrifice. He placed the knife on Hazrat Ismail’s throat and kept cutting. When he had finished the sacrifice and removed the blindfold, he was both surprised and delighted to see his son was safe. Instead, a goat was slaughtered.

Allah is All-Knowing and is aware of our intentions and in this case also Hazrat Ibrahim was blindfolded and he thought he had sacrificed his son but by Allah’s order he was replaced by a goat.

As mentioned above, Sura al-Saffat verse 107 “We ransomed his son with a great sacrifice”. This great sacrifice was the Martyrdom of Imam Husayn. In Karbala, when Imam Husayn (a.s.) was talking to his son, Hazrat Ali Akbar, The Ismail of Karbala, and forecasted that they all were going towards death. Hazrat Ali Akbar asked “Father, are we not on the Right Path?” When Imam Husayin (a.s.) replied in affirmative then he said “We are not worried about death”. Similarly, when Hazrat Qasim ibne Hasan wanted permission to go to the battlefield to sacrifice his life for his uncle, Imam Husayin (a.s.) asked him “Qasim! How do you see death?” He replied “Sweeter than honey”

For a moment, just compare these youths. Hazrat Ismail was a prophet and when his father narrated his dream about sacrifice in Allah’s path, he replied that in the face of death, he will be found among “the patient ones”. In Karbala, the grandsons of Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) were welcoming death!

Once Hazrat Ibrahim inquired from Allah as to how He revives the dead as stated in the Glorious Quran, Sura al-Baqara Ayah 260 “When Ibrahim prayed ‘ Lord show me how you bring the dead back to life,’ the Lord said, ‘ Do you not yet believe? Ibrahim replied ‘I believe but want more confidence for my heart’ Allah told him,’ Take four birds, induce them to come to you, cut and scatter their bodies leaving parts on every mountain top, then call them and they will swiftly come to you.’ Know that Allah is Majestic and Wise.”

The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.)’s faith in Allah was at the zenith of faith as he said “There will not be any change in my faith even if the curtains are lifted!”

So every year, Muslims from all over the world congregate in the Holy City of Makkah to perform Hajj and repeat all the above-mentioned acts including running between the Mounts of Safa and Marwa called “Sa’ee”, throwing stones to the three Shaytaan called  ‘Rammi-e-Jamaraat”, slaughters a goat and drink water of Zamzam.

Every Muslim, who can afford should perform Hajj at least once in his life-time. However, every Muslim should slaughter a goat or any allowable (halal) animal every year on the eve of Eid-al-Azha.

Sources used:

The Glorious Qur’an (Urdu Translation) by Ayatullah Nasir Makrem Shirazi

The Glorious Qur’an (English Translation) by Ayatullah Agha H.M.M. Pooya Yazdi

SURAH AL-FALAQ (THE DAWN) OF THE GLORIOUS QUR'AN

Surah al-Falaq is the 113^th Surah of the Glorious Qur’an revealed in Makkah.

                “Say, I seek refuge in the Lord of the Dawn,

                From the evil of what He has created,

                From the evil of the dark night when it overtakes

                And from the evil of blowing on knots (of the malignant witchcraft)

                And from the evil of the envious when he envies.”

Although, there are some traditions regarding the revelation of this Surah that some Jews had performed some sort of magic on the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.), but this charge may be refuted on few grounds such as this Surah is “Makkan” and confrontation of the Messenger with the Jews was in Madinah. Moreover, if magic or sorcery could influence the Messenger physically, then it could affect his soul also and ultimately the mission of Islam. Allah is Powerful and Omnipotent and protected him from such influences. Allah negates such charges of magic against His Messenger in Surah al-Furqan Ayah 8 and 9: “The unjust ones say, “You are merely following a bewitched person.” Consider their various views about you (Muhammad).They have gone astray and are not able to find the right path.”

We should seek protection from Allah against all wicked creatures, wicked men, animals, Jinn, and evil happenings and from the evil of “carnal soul”.

The second Ayah above does not mean that the Divine creation, by itself, has an evil because creation is the same as existence and existing is absolute goodness. As asserted in Surah al-Sajdah Ayah 7: “He Who has made everything which He has created Most good…” Evil appears where the creatures diverge from the laws of creation and separate from the appointed path.

In the third Ayah, the word “Ghasiq” is derived from “Ghsaq” which means the intense darkness of the night which appears at mid-night. Another meaning of the “Ghasiq” is “attacker” or “evil creature” that uses the cover of the darkness of the night to attack, because not only the wild and biting animals come out of their dens at night and cause damage, but also filthy persons often misuse the darkness of the night for their wicked aims.

In the fourth Ayah, the word “Naffathat” is derived from “Naffth” which means to blow a little water from mouth; hence the term is used for blowing. But many commentators have interpreted this word to witches who blow on knots chanting in sorcery, while some others interpreted it for “tempting women”, especially their own wives. It does not mean that magic or sorcery was practiced on the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.). It is like healthy persons seek refuge to Allah from deadly diseases.

The last Ayah refers to the envy which is the worst and most disgraceful quality of a wicked person because Allah has counted it equal to the savage animals, biting snakes, and tempter Shaitan.

In summary, the main sources of evil are: dark night when it comes, those who blow on knots, envious ones. Envy is the origin of many great sins. The Infallible Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.) said: “Verily, envy eats faith as fire eats wood.” The Infallible Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (a.s.) said: “The decay of religion is envy, arrogance and pride.

The Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) said: “Some Ayahs have been revealed to me, the likes of which have not been revealed before; Surah Falaq and Surah Nas. Read them whenever you get up and whenever you go to bed.”

Supplication:  O Lord! We too seek refuge to You from the evils of the envious ones, to protect us from being envious to others. O Lord! Keep us safe and sound from the evils of those who ‘blow on knots’ and from their temptations against the path of Justice and Truth.

Sources used:

The Glorious Qur’an (Urdu Translation) by Ayatullah Nasir Makarem Shirazi

The Glorious Qur’an (English Translation) by Ayatullah Agha H.M.M. Pooya Yazdi

THE INFALLIBLE IMAM MUHAMMAD BAQIR (A.S.)

He was born in 57A.H. in Madinah. He was 4 years old in the Great Tragedy of Karbala. He lived with his father, Imam Ali Zain-ul-Abedin (a.s.) for 39 years. His mother, Umme Abdullah was the daughter of Imam Hasan al-Mujtabah (a.s.). Period of his Imamate was 18 years. The Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) informed his companion, Jabir ibn Abdullah Ansari and said: “You will live and meet one of my grandsons who will be the grandson of (Imam) Husayn (a.s.), who will spread knowledge. When you meet him, give my “Salaam” to him”

Miracles of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.):

In Amali, Muhammad ibn Sulayman narrates from his father that there was a Syrian who used to visit the Imam. He was an enemy of Ahlul Bayt (a.s.) but was impressed by the Imam’s knowledge and good manners. He fell sick and told his companion to request the Imam to pray his Namaz-e-Janaza. By next morning, his body was cold and was presumed dead. When a man came to inform the Imam (a.s.), the Imam told him not to rush to prepare his burial. The Imam (a.s.) prayed two rakaat namaz and came to the Syrian’s house and called him by name. He (the presumed dead) replied the Imam, who sat with him and comforted him. The Imam returned home. After some time, he came to the Imam and wished to speak in seclusion. He narrated: “O Imam, you are the Hujjat of Allah and the Right Path. I was in a semi sleep condition when I heard someone saying ‘return his soul as Muhammad ibn Ali had requested for him!” This was also reported in “Manaqib Shaher Ashoob”.

Abu Baseer was a blind man. He went in the presence of the Imam and inquired: “You belong to Ahlul Bayt (a.s.) and inheritors of the miracles of all the prophets, can you cure a blind man?” The Imam replied that with the permission of Allah, he can cure him. The Imam asked Abu Baseer to come near to him and moved his hand over his eyes. He retrieved his eye-sight and could see. The Imam said to him: “Do you want to live like normal seeing person and rise on the Day of Resurrection with hope and despair or go to Paradise as a blind man?” Abu Baseer replied that he wanted to revert to the previous condition. The Imam again moved his hand over his eyes, and he became blind again.” (A’alam ul Wara, Manaqib)

Result of enmity with Ahlul Bayt (a.s.):   

Abu Utaibah narrates in “Al-Kharaij”: “I was sitting in the presence of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.), when a Syrian man came and told the Imam that he was his Shiah but his father loved Bani Umayyad. He had a garden in Ramallah. After his death he searched for his father’s wealth but could not find it.” The Imam asked if he wished to meet his dead father, he replied in affirmative. The Imam gave him a letter and told him to go to Baqiyyah Graveyard the same night and call “Darjaan”, a man in turban will appear, give the letter to him. Next morning, Abu Utaibah came in the presence of the Imam to know as to what had transpired with that Syrian. They both entered the Imam’s house simultaneously. The Syrian said: “Only Allah knows whom to grant His knowledge. I went to the graveyard last night and a man came, took the letter and asked me to wait. After a while he brought a man who was black and said that he was my father. I refused to accept it. The man told me that because of the fire and smoke of the Hell, his complexion had changed. I inquired from the man if he was really my father. He replied in affirmative. But because he loved Bani Umayyad and I loved Ahlul Bayt hence he developed enmity towards me and wanted to deprive me of his wealth. Hence he had buried it in the garden under the olive tree.”   

Miracle Thread of Musa and Haroon:

Ja’bir ibn Yazeed Ja’afi narrates in “Manaqib Shaher Ashoob”: “People complained to Imam Zain-ul-Abedin (a.s.) about the oppressions of Bani Umayyad. The Imam called his son Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.) and gave him a thread and directed him to slowly move it. The Imam came in the mosque, prayed two rak’at namaz, placed his cheek on the soil, and recited something. After the prayer, he drew a thread which smell like musk, and gave one end to me to hold it and slowly moved the thread. There was an earth-quake, voices of crying people could be heard, and many houses were demolished. The Imam went up the minaret and loudly said; “You Liars” and recited the Ayah 26 of Surah al-Nahl: “Their ceilings toppled on their heads and torment struck them from a direction which they have never expected.” People imagined it to be a voice from skies and fell on their knees.” The Imam told Ja’bir the thread belonged to Prophet Musa and was given to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) by Jibra’eel.

Umar Bin Abdul Aziz’s respect for AhlulBayt (a.s.):

According to “Qurb-ul-Asnad”, the only caliph of Bani Umayyad, who was not oppressive like the rest, Umar Bin Abdul

Aziz, openly said that he had heard the traditions about the Lady of Paradise, Sayyida Fatima Zahra (s.a.) that the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.a.s.) loved her immensely and had said that whoever makes her unhappy, that person makes the Noble Prophet himself unhappy.

Return of Fadak to AhlulBayt (a.s.):

The Imam was visiting Umar Bin Abdul Aziz and saw him crying. The Imam asked for the reason of crying. He replied that he was crying for some of the actions of Husham of Bani Umayyiad.The Imam said: “O Omar, this world is a bazaar, people buy beneficial and harmful things, so fear Allah and remember two things; watch for and send those deeds which you want to be with you in the presence of Allah on the Day of Judgment, and watch and exchange those deeds which you do not want to be with you in Allah’s presence. Help the oppressed and stop the oppressor.”

The Imam further said: “Remember three things for perfect faith; do not be happy in committing wrong, let not your anger distract you from righteousness, when you have power, do not acquire a thing which does not belong to you.” Hearing this, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz asked for the writing material and wrote:

                                    In the name of Allah, the Beneficent the Merciful

I, Umar Bin Abdul Aziz, am returning the property of Fadak to Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a.s.). This property was acquired by oppression and without justification.

On way to Syria, a priest asked the Imam (a.s): “In Paradise, people will eat and drink but there will not be any excretion, is there any resemblance in this world like that?” The Imam (a.s.) replied: “a baby in mother’s womb!” He further asked: “A woman gave birth to twins, who were born, died and buried at the same time, their ages were 150 and 50 years, who were those persons?” Imam (a.s.) replied: “These were two brothers; Uzair and Uzaira. Both lived together for 30 years. Then, Allah made Uzair dead for 100 years while Uzaira remained alive. After Uzair was brought back to life, both brothers lived for another 20 years!” The priest told the people that he did not see any one more knowledgeable than this person (Imam).

Sources used:

The Glorious Qur’an

Bihar-ul-Anwar                                                                                    by Allama Muhammad Baqir Majlisi

AYATULLAH SAYYID ABDUL HUSAYN SHARFUDDIN AL-MUSAWI (R.A.)

Ayatullah Sayyid Abdul Husayn Sharfuddin was born in the sacred city of Kazimayn in Iraq in the year 1290 A.H. His parents were related to each other. His father was Sayyid Yousuf ibne Jawad Sharfuddin and his mother’s name was Zahra binte Sayyid Hadi. He grew up in a scholarly family of repute, and was educated under the guidance of his father. When he reached the age of adolescence, he became fully acquainted with the causes of goodness and virtues.  At the age of 16, he left for Iraq for further spiritual studies.  Upon completing his scholarly life, he was distinguished by notable accomplishments and achievements. His teachers included many a genius among the pillars of knowledge in Najaf al-Ashraf and Samarra such as Tabataba’I, Khurasani, Fatahallah al-Asphahani, Shaykh Hasan al-Karbala’i.

After completing his religious education at the age of 32, he returned to Amila, South Lebanon. He travelled extensively around the Muslim world encouraging Muslim unity and opposition to colonial powers. A new life started in Amila aiming at strict implementation of religion, improvement of manners, the strengthening of right with might, kindness to the weak, the enjoining of the right and the forbidding of wrong, comfort with the masters of religion and humbleness towards the men of knowledge. He possessed such eloquence of speech which made him the envy of Arabia’s orators. Religion, scholarship, and ethics are all proud of him!

About 4 years after his return to Lebanon, the World War I broke out and at the end of the war, French took control of Lebanon. They tried to secularize the Lebanese society. He called a conference of major scholars, and they declared war against the occupation forces. A death warrant was issued for him immediately, and he had to leave his house for Egypt. The vengeful French torn down his house, burned down his library which contained thousands of valuable books and manuscripts .Eventually, Sayyid Muhammad as-Sadr, a first cousin of Sayyid Sharfuddin, managed to get the death warrant annulled and Sayyid Sharfuddin returned home.

He had authored many books out of which 18 books were burned by the French authorities. There are 8 other books still available which include the famous book Al-Muraja’at. These books were: Al Fusul-ul-Muhimma (Important chapters in Unifying the Nation), Al Jawabat al Masa’il fi Musa Jarallah (Answers to the question of Musa Jarallah), Al Kalima al-Gharra fi Tafdil al-Zahra (The Convincing statement in preferring al-Zahra), Al Majalis Al Fakhira fi Ma’atim Al Tahira (The Magnificent Commemorative Speeches in Honor of the Purified Progeny), Abu Huraira, Bughyat al Raghibin (Quest of the Willing), Thabt al Athbat fi Silsilat Al Ruwat (The Ultimate Proof in the Chain of Narrators)

It was his life-time desire to bring together Sunni and Shia Muslims. He travelled to Cairo, Egypt and met with the Rector of Al-Azhar University, Shaykh Salim Al Bishri al-Maliki. After a long discussion it was decided to talk on all the points of disagreement between the Shias and Sunnis in a free and polite manner without getting excited. These discussions were in the form of letters. In all 112 letters representing questions and answers were exchanged. At the end, it was agreed to publish these discussions for the benefit of general public. Al-Muraja’at is considered perhaps the greatest defense of Shia beliefs in the 20^th century. The book has since been translated into many languages including English. Based on the discussions contained in the book, Al-Azhar University eventually issued an edict declaring Shias to be within the folds of Islam and the Jafari legal thoughts to be a valid branch of Islamic Jurisprudence.  

He was very patient, dignified, gentle, brave, and highly respected. He did not compromise on justice. He was a model of piety, clarity of conscience, speaker of truth, wise and far-sighted.

In the year 1377 A.H. he fell ill and shortly after passed away. His body was flown to Baghdad, Kazimayn, Karbala, and later was buried within the precincts of the Mausoleum of the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.)

Sources used:

                Al-Muraja’at, a Shia Sunni Dialogue by Ayatullah Sayyid Abdul Husayn Sharfuddin

                Islamic Sights Sayyid Sharfuddin Al-Musawi

SURAH AL-NAS (MANKIND) OF THE GLORIOUS QUR'AN

Although, there is a difference of opinion as to this Suarah is “Makki” or “Madani” but the contents of this Surah points towards the probability that it is “Makki”. It has 6 Ayahs as follows:

1.       “Say: I take refuge with the Lord of the Mankind,”

2.       “The king of Mankind,”

3.       “The God of Mankind,”

4.       “From the evil of the slinking whisperer,”

5.       “Who whispers evil into the hearts of the Mankind,”

6.       “From among Jinn and Mankind.”

In one of the traditions it is mentioned that once the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) became gravely ill. The two great angels, Jibra’il and Mika’il came to him. Jibra’il sat besides the head of the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) and Mika’il sat near his (s.a.w.a.s.) feet. Jibra’il recited Surah al-Falaq and by it placed the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) in the refuge of Allah (s.w.t.); and Mika’il recited Surah Nas.

In this Surah, three attributes of Allah are emphasized; Lordship, Ownership and Divinity. All three attributes are concerned with the training of Man, and his rescue from the grips of the tempters. The objective of taking refuge with Allah should not be restricted to oral repetition but should be accomplished by his thoughts, faith and actions. One should avoid satanic thoughts, assemblies and follow Divine path. By saying, “the Lord of Mankind” he places himself under His guidance, by saying “King of Mankind” he acknowledges that he is His obedient servant, and by saying, “the God of Mankind” he goes on the path of worshipping Him and avoids worshipping others than Him.

The three attributes are three important lessons of instructions and three means of rescue from the evils of:

                “From the evils of slinking whisperers”

                “Who whispers evil in the hearts of the Mankind?”

                “From among Jinn and Mankind”

“Was- was” means to tempt or tempter. The term “Khannas” is derived from “Khunus” meaning to get back or withdraw. Here it refers to Shaitan who withdraws himself the moment he hears the name of Allah. The devilish ones act hidden and murmur temptations into our ears which make us believe as if it is our own idea. Shaitan shows injustice in the form of justice, lies inside a shell of truth, sins in the semblance of worship. Satanic affairs and Shaitan himself is hidden and they will not be open and clear.  The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) said in Nahjul Balagha, “The fact is, had falsehood been allowed to appear separately from Truth, seekers of Truth would have easily discerned it and would have kept away from Falsehood” They always take parts of Truth and falsehood and mix them together to get control over people.

The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) continued, “...and Shaitan took advantage of this situation and gained complete control over the minds of its followers.”

At any time, it is possible that we could get astray, and when Allah bids His Apostle to take refuge with the Lord from the evil of the slinking whisperer then the common man stand nowhere. When we seek refuge with Allah, then Allah sends heavenly angels to help the seekers of refuge as stated in Surah Fussilat Ayah 30 which says: “In the case of those who say: ‘Our Lord is Allah’, and further, stand straight and steadfast, the angels descend on them (from time to time)…”

We must supplicate as; “O Lord! Protect us from all the evil of every tempter and dark inspiration. O Lord! The trap is deep, the enemy is wakeful, his plots are hidden, and rescue is impossible but with Your Grace.”

Sources used:

The Glorious Qur’an (English Translation) by Ayatollah Agha H.M.M. Pooya Yazdi

The Glorious Qur’an (Urdu Translation) by Ayatollah Nasir Makarem Shirazi

WEDDING OF THE LADY OF PARADISE SAYYIDA FATIMA ZAHRA (S.A.) AND COMMANDER OF THE FAITHFUL IMAM ALI (A.S.)

Allah had gifted Sayyida Fatima the intellectual maturity and integrity of conduct. Her religious feelings and literary knowledge were boundless. History has not witnessed any other woman who has achieved the high level of education, knowledge and social graces that she achieved regardless of the fact that she did not attend any school other than the school of Revelation under the sacred guidance of the Messenger of Islam (s.a.w.a.s.)

One year after the Migration to Madina,the proposals of marriage for Sayyida Fatima (s.a.) began to be received by the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) who politely refused saying that it was the will of Allah and he was awaiting Allah’s decree in this regard.

Sayyida Fatima (s.a.) was the model of Prophet’s teachings for women just as the Lion of Allah; Imam Ali (a.s.) was the best embodiment of his teachings and the supreme and matchless masculine and noble qualities that he possessed. They were the most suitable couple to be united in the matrimonial bonds, but he was too modest to speak about it. After some persuasions from his friends, he finally went to see the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) in the mosque and proposed for the marriage. The Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) discussed it with Sayyida Fatima (s.a.) saying: “Fatima, you know Ali ibne Abi Talib’s relationship with us; his devotion and faithfulness to Islam. I asked Allah to give you in marriage to the best of His creatures, and the most beloved to Him; and Ali has declared his wish to marry you; what do you say?” Sayyida Fatima (s.a.) did not reply, nor did she show any signs of rejection or resentment, so the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) stood up and said “Allah is the greatest! Her silence is her approval”. He inquired from Imam Ali (a.s.) about his state of preparedness to fulfill the requirements needed for the wedding. This marriage would be remembered and will be of great influence for generations to come. Imam Ali (a.s.) replied that he owned a sword, a shield and a camel. As advised by the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.), he sold his shield of armor for 500 Dirham and brought the money to the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) who added similar amount and asked his companions to buy household goods to setup home for this Unique Family.

Ahmad Ibne Yousuf Ad-Demishqi and other narrators of traditions report that Sayyida Fatima said to her father “I ask you to kindly give the dowry back and supplicate to Allah, to make my dowry the right to intercede for the sinners of Muslim Ummah” It is apparent from the above tradition the greatness, honor and excellence of the Lady of Paradise, Sayyida Fatima Zahra (s.a.)

 Marriage was solemnized by the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) himself and after the marriage the couple went to live in a separate house next to the house of the Messenger, near the Masjid-e-Nabavi. The Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) arranged the wedding gifts of basic simple items of daily use.

Ibne Tauoos narrates that The Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) had purchased a new dress for Sayyida Fatima for her wedding. On her wedding night, a needy person knocked at the door and requested for any old clothes. Sayyida Fatima was about to give her old dress having patches on it, when she remembered the Qur’anic verse “By no means ye shall attain righteousness unless ye give (freely) of that which ye love”. She gave the poor man her wedding dress. Consequently, the Jibra’il descended to the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) and said “O Muhammad, Allah sends His blessings upon you; He commanded me to greet Fatima and (give her the gift He sent her) which is a dress from Paradise, made of silk, brocade.”

The Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) asked Imam Ali (a.s.) to hold a dinner as Allah is pleased with those who do so; for the social good it does: such as bringing people together and implementing love and harmony among Muslims.

When Imam Ali (a.s.) reached the mosque, he found it filled with hundreds of Muslims. Imam Ali’s generosity and noble heartedness did not allow him to invite selected people. Hence he invited every one present in the mosque. Due to the presence of the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.), there was barakah in food, hence not only every one ate but he (s.a.w.a.s.) sent some of the food to the companion’s homes. The he (s.a.w.a.s.) ordered his wives to prepare Sayyida Fatima, perfume her and assist her wear the special dress from Paradise.

Ibne Abbas narrates that when Sayyida Fatima was taken to Imam Ali’s house on the wedding night, the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) preceded her, Jibra’il was on her right side, and Meka’il was on left side and seventy thousand angels followed her. These angels praised and glorified Allah till dawn.

Upon arriving, the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) placed Sayyida Fatima’s hand in Imam Ali’s hand and said “May Allah bless His Messenger’s daughter; Ali! This is Fatima, you are responsible for her. Ali, what an excellent wife Fatima is! Fatima, what an excellent husband Ali is! O Allah bless them, bless their lives, bless their children. O Allah, surely they are the most beloved to me from among your creatures, so love them too, and assign for them a guardian. I place them and their progeny under your protection from the cursed devil”

This sacred marriage also took place at the fourth heaven when angels gathered and Allah ordered one of the angels named Rahil to ascend the Mimber of Light and praise and glorify His Names. After enumerating His Mercy and Benevolence on angels, he continued as “Allah, the Omnipotent king, chose the one who was bestowed with special Divine Honor, and the worshipper of His Greatness, for His worshipper, the Mistress of women, and the daughter of the best of Prophets, the Master of all Messengers, and the Imam of the pious; so He brought into relations the Prophet with a man from his kin. One who is his believing companion, and was prompt in answering his call- Ali the devout, with Fatima, the splendid and the daughter of the Messenger.”

Then, Jibra’il added the following words on behalf of Allah: “Praise is My garment, Greatness is My Magnificence, All the creatures are My slaves, men and women. I give Fatima, My Worshipper in marriage to Ali My chosen worshipper. So bear witness O My angels.” (Bihar ul Anwaar)

It is to be noted that the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) performed the marriage ceremony in the mosque and announced the dowry. For the Dowry, he said “Avoid exaggerations in (the amounts of) dowries, because this causes enmity (between you)”

The he (s.a.w.a.s) also assigned the desirable practice of limiting the dowry to 500 Dirhams. He and the Infallible Imams never exceeded this amount of dowry in marriages.

Sources used:

Fatima the Gracious by Abu Muhammad Ordoni

A Restatement of the History of Islam by Sayyid Ali Asghar Razwy

Fatima, the Daughter of Muhammad (s.a.w.a.s.) by Yasin T. Jibouri

ALLAMA MUQADDAS ARADABILI (R.A.)

His name was Muhammad ibne Ahmed and was born in Ardbel, in Azerbaijan, at that time a province of Iran. He authored many books. Two of his books were very famous; one was “Zabdat al Bayan” that deals with all the Ayahs of the Glorious Qur’an dealing with “Fiqh”, the other book was “Hadiqat al- Nadiya” on the lives of the Fourteen Infallibles. Among his disciples were so many Muj’tahids that beside Shaikh Tusi, none had this many disciples. Among his disciples was the author of “Mu-Aaalim”, the son of Shaheed-e-Saani. This book is on Fiqh and is being taught in the curriculum of Shia Seminaries all over the world.

Throughout his life, he did not do any permissible (Mubah) act. He performed only mandatory (Wajib) and optional (Mustahab) acts! He met Imam Zamana several times, unlike our eminent ulema who meet the Imam only once or two times! Muqaddas Ardabili was acknowledged as a Marja of his time when his contemporaries were Mir Baqar Damad and Shaikh Baha’i. His great achievement was that he put new life into the Seminary of Najaf-e-Ashraf which was founded by Shaikh Tusi and is producing thousands of Mujtahids for the last one thousand years. It is reported that his piety was like the manners of the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.s.), the valor of the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.), and the magnanimity of Hatim Ta’i.

His scholastic achievement may be gauged by a dream he had and narrated by himself: “I saw in the dream that the Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) and Prophet Musa were sitting. Prophet Musa asked the Messenger pointing towards me: Who is this person?” The Messenger replied: “He is one of the scholars from my Ummat” Prophet Musa asked me: “Tell me what is your name ?” I replied: “My name is Muhammad ibne Ahmed and I am from a place called Ardbil. These days I am residing in Najaf-e-Ashraf.” Hazrat Musa said: “I have just asked your name. Why did you give such a lengthy introduction?” I replied: “In Surah al-Ta’Ha when you went in search of fire and you heard a voice’ O Musa! I am your God. What is in your hand? You replied’ in my right hand is my staff. I take its support while I sit on the ground. With it I herd my sheep and there are several other uses of this staff of mine.” Prophet Musa replied: “It was my first experience of conversing with Allah. I wanted to prolong my conversation.” I replied: “O Allah’s Prophet! I am conversing with you for the first time and wanted to prolong my conversation with you.” Prophet Musa turned to the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.s.) and said: “You had rightly said that the Ulema in your Ummat are like the prophets of Bani Isra’il.”

Safavid Dynasty was ruling over Iran and Shah Abbas was the king at that time. One time he was furiously angry with one of his ministers.  The minister approached Muqaddas Ardabili and requested for his help. Muqaddas Ardbili wrote a letter to Shah Abbas starting with the words: “To Shah Abbas, the founder of a temporary realm: This person was an oppressor but is now the oppressed! You must now pardon and forgive him and Allah might forgive you!” Shah Abbas was a very big king like King Akbar of India. When the king Shah Abbas learned that a letter had arrived from Muqaddas Ardabili, he stood up, took the letter in his hands with great respect, touched it to his eyes, opened it and read it and immediately ordered to comply with the orders of Muqaddas Ardabili and requested him to remember the king in his prayers!

Muqaddas Ardabili had a great status in view of Allah (s.w.t.). In those days there were no proper arrangements for the supply of water. People would draw water from the wells. It was late night and Muqaddas Ardabili was drawing water from the well for night prayer (Namaz-e-Shab) at the Mausoleum of Imam Ali (a.s.). He put the bucket tied to a rope in the well. When he drew it out, it came out full of precious stones and not water. He turned back the precious stones in the well, put the rope and bucket in the well, drew them back and again he found that only precious stones came out. His eyes watered. He said, “O Allah! I want water for my ablution and not any riches!” He put the bucket in the well a third time and he got pure water from the well!

During the famine, he would cut small pieces from his expensive turban, distribute it to the poor, and the rich people will buy it as tabarruk. In this way, the poor were supported by him. Once, when he distributed the food material to the poor, his wife was upset. He went straight to Masjid-e-Kufa and did “E’tikaf” for 3 days. When he returned home his wife told him that she had received bags of quality flour sent by him! He knew who had sent the flour. He immediately performed prayer of thanks.

He died in the year 993 A.H. and was laid to rest on the left corner of Imam Ali (a.s.) Mausoleum in Najaf-e-Ashraf.

Please also read “Meetings with Imam Mahdi during Great Occultation”

Condensed from Islamic-Laws.com

RELIANCE AND TRUST IN ALLAH (S.W.T.)

Tawakkul means entrusting all the matters to the Master and relying upon His Trusteeship. Another definition will be   “Tawaakul upon Allah means the severance by the servant of all hopes and expectations from the creatures and attaching them to Allah.” Tawakkul depends upon a person’s knowledge and firm belief in Allah’s Mastership and the quality of the authority of the Sacred Essence over all affairs of the universe. Even if one has tawwakul on Allah, still one should make every effort and endeavor to the best of one’s ability and then rely on His Justice, Help, and Beneficence. Tawakkul in Allah guarantees success in this world and hereafter, no matter how difficult the task is and how harsh the conditions one is going through and how powerful the enemies are. Tawakkul used in Glorious Qur’an 38 times.

Surah al-Talaq Ayah 3: “Allah is Sufficient for the needs of whoever trusts Him.”

Surah al-Maidah Ayah 23: “Have trust in Allah if you are true believer.”

Surah al-Muzammil Ayah 9: “He is the only Lord, so choose Him as your Guardian.”

Surah al-Furqan Ayah 58: “Also trust in the Living One who never dies and glorify Him with His praise.”

Surah Ibrahim Ayah 11: “The faithful should trust in Allah alone.”

Surah al-Nisa Ayah 81: “Therefore, leave them alone and put your trust in Allah; He is sufficient for you as your Gaurdian.”

The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.s.) said: “I asked Jibra’il, ‘What is tawakkul?’ He replied, ‘Recognizing the truth that a creature can neither harm nor benefit, and not to have your eyes on the wealth of others. When a servant of Allah acquires these traits, he will act only for Allah and will not have any hope in other than Him. This is the truth and boundary of tawakkul.”

The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.s.) said: “Tawwakul means you should bind the camel with a rope and then you say that you have trust in Allah (s.w.t.) that He will protect ouyr camel. You should not have confidence in the rope alone, because many a camel has been stolen with rope. And, likewise, you should not neglect the rope, because binding with therope is a part of tawakkul.”

The highest standard of tawakkul was set when the Infallible Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) asked some idle persons as to who they were? “We are those who put their trust in Allah.” Came the reply. Imam Ali (a.s.) asked: “How is your confidence in Allah?” They said: “We eat when we get food, and we have patience when we do not get it.” Imam Ali (a.s.) retorted; “Yes, that is the very nature of dog. “ Stunned, they asked him to explain the true meaning of tawakkul. Imam Ali (a.s.) said: “When we get we give to others; when we do not get, we thank Allah.”

The Infallible Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.) said in “Munaja’t Sha’baniyya: “My Lord, grant me complete severance of my relations with everything else and total submission to you.”

The Infallible Imam Aliar-Reza (a.s.) said: “Faith has four pillars: Tawakkul on All Mighty Allah, be pleased with His Decree, surrender to Allah’s order, completely entrusting one’s affairs to Allah.” (Ar-Rayshahri, Mizan-al-Hikmah 22499)

Sources used:

40 Hadith by Ayatollah Ruhullah Khomeini, 180 questions and answers about Islam by Ayatollah Nasir Makarem Shirazi

Justice of God by Allama Sayyid Saeed Akhtar Rizvi, Faith and Reason by Ayatollah Mahdi Hadavi Tehrani

Islamic business ethics by Allama Sayyid Muhammad Rizvi, Merits of the Soul: Trust in God (Tawakkul), WIKIPEDIA

THE SCIENTIFIC MIRACLES OF THE GLORIOUS QUR'AN

Science is not against religion. On the contrary, it supplements religion. Numerous scientific instances will be found if one searches in the deep ocean of the Glorious Qur’an.

Some of the examples are given below:

1.       Finger-tips of human being: In Surah al-Qiyamah, Ayah 1 to 5 which reads: “I swear by the Day of Resurrection, and by the self-accusing soul (Nafse-Lawwamah) (that you will be certainly resurrected). Do men think that We shall never be able to assemble their bones? We certainly have the Power to restore them, even (the very tips of) their fingers. In fact, people want to commit sins and send them ahead (without repentance).”

In Arabic the word “Banan” is used both for fingers and also for “finger-tips” It is said that no two persons in the world have similar lines on the fingers. Latest science of analyzing the finger prints of people, especially the criminals, has been successful in correct identification of individuals. In 1880, finger printing became the scientific method of identification, after the research done by Sir Francis Golt.

2.       Cure of cholesterol: The Chinese scientists who were searching for the control of cholesterol disease found that a protein called metalothyne produced in the brain is vital for the control of cholesterol. They found that the best source of that protein could be found in a combination of fig and olive. The ratio of fig to olives was found to be one to seven. Surprisingly, the Arabic word for fig (Teen) is found only once in the Glorious Qur’an while olive in Arabic (Zaitun) is found seven times!  

3.       Benefits of dates: When Hazrat Mariyam was pregnant with Prophet Ei’sa, she went near a Pam tree, a voice was generated near her feet saying: “Do not be sad. Your Lord has caused a stream to run at your feet. Shake the trunk of a palm tree, it will provide you with fresh ripe dates. Eat, drink and rejoice…” (Surah Mariyam Ayah 24 to 26). Dates are very nutritious for the women after delivery. It has a superior type of sugar in abundance. Dates have 13 nutrients including 5 types of vitamins. It has calcium which strengthens bones, phosphorus which is essential for brain, nerves and potassium.

4.       Human embryo: Surah Mursallat Ayah 20 and 21: “Did we not create you from an insignificant drop of fluid and place it in a secure place.” The embryo is placed in a secured place; secured from light, sound. It is protected by the bones and ligaments which becomes thicker and longer by the passage of time.

5.       Revelation to honey-bees: Surah al-Nahal Ayah 68 and 69: “Your Lord inspired the bees, “Make hives in the mountains, in the trees, and in the trellises, then eat of every fruit and follow the path of your Lord submissively. From out of their bellies comes a drink of color in which there is a cure for the human being.” This Divine revelation is addressed to the female bee because male bee’s only function is to inseminate the queen bee. The female bee produces honey, cleans and maintains the hive.

6.       Gravitational force of earth: Surah al-Mursalaat Ayah 25: “Did We not make the earth a receptacle?” The Arabic word “Kifatan” translated as “Receptacle” means “Living things gathered or collected together” Sir Isaac Newton, when published his book in 1687 A.D., while discussing Gravity, used the Latin word “Attraere” which means “To attract, bring together”. Due to gravity, men, animals, plants etc. is attracted towards the center of the earth and do not float in space.

7.       Radar System: Surah al-Saba Ayah 10: “We gave Dawood great favor from Us: ‘O mountains and birds! Echo with him in his praise! And We made iron malleable for him.” The term “Awwibee” translated as “Echoing” may represent the modern Radar System which works on the theory of reflection of electro-magnetic waves. Radar is a technology to locate an object, stationary or moving, its speed and direction. It works on the theory of echo of electro-magnetic waves. It is similar to the echo of sound waves. The term “Alanna” means “Soft”. Soft Magnetic Iron is the best medium for the electro-magnetic transmission.

Source used:

                              The Glorious Qur’an (Urdu Translation) by Ayatollah Nasir Makarem Shirazi

                              Speeches of Sayyid Ammar Naqshwani

INFALLIBLE IMAM MUHAMMAD TAQI AL-JAWAD (A.S.)

Imam Muhammad bin Ali, al-Taqi-al-Jawad was born on 10^th Rajab 195 in Madinah. His parents were Imam Ali al-Reza (a.s.) and Sayyida Khaizarun. He became the Imam at the age of 8.

The caliph Mamun invited the young Imam to Baghdad to get him married to his daughter for his political aims. This infuriated his Abbasid clan. To substantiate his choice, Mamun arranged a meeting between the Imam and the leading scholars headed by Yahya bin Aktham, the Chief Justice. It was a grand occasion with 900 other scholars present.

Yahya asked:

                     What is the compensation (kaffarah) for a person in Ehraam who hunted and

                      Killed his prey?

Imam replied that there were many more details required before he could answer the question:

1.      Did the Muhrim (one in Ehraam) hunt in the Haram or outside?

2.      Did the Muhrim know the Sharia or not?

3.      Did he hunt intentionally or not?

4.      Did he hunt the first time or was this one of many times?

5.      Was he free or a slave?

6.       Was his prey a bird or an animal?

7.      Was it big or small?

8.      Had he hunted by day or night time?

9.      Was he adult (baligh) or not?

10.  Was he repentant or not?

11.  Was his Ehraam for Hajj or umra?

Yahya was stunned, speechless and looked down and started sweating.

Mamun requested the Imam to answer the question himself. The Imam replied: “If he had killed the animal outside the sacred ground and it was winged and large, an atonement of a sheep would have been necessary for him. If he had struck it down in the sanctuary, the penalty would have been will be doubled. If he killed a young bird outside the sacred ground then the atonement of a lamb which has been weaned off milk would have been required of him. If he had killed it in the sanctuary, then he would have been required to sacrifice a lamb and the value of the young bird. As for wild animals, if it was a wild donkey, he would have been required to sacrifice a cow. If it was an ostrich, the sacrifice of a camel would be necessary. If it had been a deer, then a sheep would have been necessary. If he had killed any of those in the sanctuary, the penalty would have been doubled. Mamoun said to the Imam: “You have done well Abu Jaffer and God has adorned you”

Mamoun asked the Imam to ask any question from Yahya bin Akhtam.

The Imam (a.s.) asked the Chief Justice:

“Can you describe the situation when a man looked at a woman at dawn when it was forbidden (haram) to do so; but then at sunrise it was permissible (halal) for him to look at her? Then at noon hour, it became haram for him to look at that woman; but in the afternoon, it became permissible for him to look at her? Then at sunset it became haram for him to look at that woman; but at night, it became halal for him to look at her? Then at midnight, it became haram for him to look at her; but at dawn, it became halal for him”

Yahya bin Akhtam said: “By Allah! I do not know the answer to this question. We would, however, benefit from your answer”

The Imam (a.s.) explained the answer as follows:

“At dawn, the woman was a slave of someone else; however, by sunrise, the man had already bought her for himself so it became halal for him to look at her.

“At noon, he made her free, so she became haram for him; but by afternoon, he had married her, so she became halal for him”

“At sunset, he did zihar by which one’s wife becomes haram for a person; but by night time, he paid the penalty for Zihar, and so she became halal for him again.

“At midnight, he divorced her; but by next morning he revoked his divorce, so she became halal for him”

After Mamoun married his daughter Umme Fadhl to the Imam, he refused to stay in the royal palace, hence he moved to simple house with his wife. After one year, when Mamoun realized that the Imam was not comfortable in Baghdad, he allowed the couple to move to Madinah.

In order to uphold the imperialistic and luxurious ways of life, these monarchs wanted to do away with these Godly saints who demonstrated righteousness, compassion, faith, piety, fraternity, and justice as the main teachings of Islam. Yazid’s demand of allegiance from Imam Hussain (a.s.), or Mamoun’s appointment of Imam Ali al-Reza (a.s.) as heir apparent were two different aspects of the same wicked desire.

Contentment: The Imam used to live a simple and austere life wearing ordinary clothes. One day someone told him that since he sat besides the king, it did not befit him to wear such simple clothes. The Imam said: “If my value had been due to my clothes, it would have befitted me to wear expensive clothes, when it is not so, why should I give up simplicity. My present dress is concealing my body and it is comfortable, then why should I give up for fashionable ones. We Ahlul Bayt are content on whatever we get and we do not allow greed to approach us.”

Hospitality: The Imam was very hospitable. Once, a guest arrived at his place in the middle of the night. The Imam asked him if he would like to have dinner. The man replied that although he was hungry but would not bother the Imam at such odd hour and that he would sleep hungry. The Imam said: “Guests do not sleep hungry at our place”

The Imam went inside and with the help of a servant, prepared the food and personally brought to the guest. Seeing this man started crying and on inquiry from the Imam, said: “I am crying at the thought that how the world did not recognize such Godly people”

Patience: The Abbasid clan did not approve of the marriage of Umme Fadhl with the Imam (a.s.) hence they continued to poison her ears. And Umme Fadhl herself was of a haughty nature and these instigations increased the gulf between the couple. She made the Imam’s life miserable, but the Imam exercised utmost restraint and patience.

Forgiveness: The relatives of the Imam (a.s.) were against him because of inheritance. Some of the allegations were that the Imam’s complexion differed from Imam Reza (a.s.) and they refused to accept that he was Imam Reza’s son. The Imam heard such taunting remarks but said nothing. One day, some money of Khums arrived and he distributed it to every one including one who was most inimical to the Imam. When people pointed out, the Imam said that he has left the affair to Allah. On hearing this, the person felt ashamed and fell on Imam’s feet and asked forgiveness. The Imam had forgiven him.

References:

Fourteen Masoomeen       by Muhammadi Trust, London

Akhlaq-e-A’imma            by Sayyid Zafar Hasan Amrohi

The Infallibles                  by workshop@dir.com.Co.UK

DIVINELY GRANTED LOVE FOR IMAM ALI (A.S.)

Surah al-mariyam Ayah 96: “Verily, those who believe and do righteous deeds, soon the Beneficent Allah will grant love for them.”

Some of the explainers of the Glorious Qur’an reported that this Ayah was revealed favoring the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.), while some other thought that it was revealed favoring all believers (Momineen) etc. If deep thought is given then we conclude that “believe” and “virtuous deeds” carry an extra ordinary power of attraction towards people. The light of believe in the Unity of Allah and belief after accepting the invitation from the Messengers generates spiritual excellence in one’s heart and perception which in turn results superior character exhibited in speech and thoughts, highest human values, piety, purity, truth, trust, bravery and sacrifice. Such rare qualities when found in one person, they will magnetically attract every one, friends and foes.

It is human nature that even sinful people are happy with the pious ones. It has been observed that when such pious person departs from this world, many eyes are tearful for them although they may not be financially strong. It is a reward by the All-Mighty Allah given to such people even in this world.

It is quite possible that the love for such pious true believers are included in the general coverage but the real addressee of this Ayah was the Commander of the Faithful (Imam-al-Muttaqeen), the Gateway of knowledge and wisdom, Imam Ali (a.s.)

Both Shia and Sunni narrators have reported that this Ayah was revealed in praise of Imam-al Muttaqeen, Imam Ali (a.s.). For example,  Allama Zamakhshari in “Kashshaaf”, Sibte Ibn Aljauzi in “Tazkirah”, Kanji Sha’fei and Qartabi in their famous exegesis, Muhib-ud-din Tabri in Zakha’ir-ul-Uqba, Neshapuri  in his famous exegesis, Ibne Sabbagh Maliki in Fusu-ul-Muhimma, Suyuti in Dur-al-Manshur, Haishami in Sawaiq-al-Muhriqah, and Alusi in Ruh-al-Ma’ani .

Tha’labi in his exegesis reports from Bra’ bin Azib that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.s.) said to Imam Ali (a.s.): “O Ali, pray to Allah” “O Allah have a covenant for me with You, grant love for me in the hearts of the believers”. At this juncture, the above-mentioned Ayah was revealed.

In various Islamic books, this meaning was reported by the famous reporter of exegesis, Ibne Abbas said: “this Ayah was revealed in praise of (Imam) Ali Ibne Abi Talib which means that Allah will fill the hearts of the believers (Momineen) with the “Love” for him (Imam Ali).

Muhammad Ibne Hanafiyyah had said in “Sawa’iq” as: “We will never find a believer (Momin) who does not have the “Love” for (Imam) Ali and his Ahlul Bayt (a.s.)

The Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.) had himself said according to reliable and trusted traditions: “If I hit my sword on a believer (Momin)’s nose so that he may develop enmity towards me, he will never become an enemy. If I give all the wealth of this world to a hypocrite (Munafiq) to acquire my friendship, still he will never become my friend. It is because the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.s.) had said with certainty: “O Ali! No believer (Momin) will have enmity with you and no hypocrite will love you.”

Infallible Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (a.s.) had narrated a tradition from his grandfather the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.s.) used to pray loudly so that everyone would hear it: “O Allah! Bestow Ali’s love in the hearts of the believers (Momineen) and similarly place Ali’s glory and fear in the hearts of the hypocrites (Munafiq)

Sources used:

Translation of the Glorious Qur’an (English) by Ayatollah Agha H.M.M. Pooya Yazdi

Translation of the Glorious Qur’an (Urdu) by Ayatollah Nasir Makarem Shirazi

Enlightening Commentary of the Glorious Qur’an

IS THE BELIEVER AND THE TRANSGRESSOR EQUAL?

Surah al-Sajdah Ayah 18: “Is he then a believer like him who is a transgressor? They are not equal.”

In this Ayah, the Qur’anic word fasiq-transgressor has been mentioned versus mumin-believer, and this is an evidence of the fact that the Arabic word ‘fasiq’ has a vast scope of meaning which encompasses both infidelity and other sins. Fasiq or transgressor is the one who violates Islamic Laws.

A group of great commentators concerning this Ayah have cited that one day Walid bin Utbah bin Mo’eeth, who was a step-brother of the third caliph Osman, by way of priding over the Commander of the Faitful, Imam Ali (a.s.) said: “O Ali, you are only a boy and the strength of my youth is superior to you, I am more than you in the sharpness of the tongue, my lance is sharper than yours and in the army I am more steadfast than you.” The Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.) in reply to the infidel, said: “Be quiet O rebellious one! (O evil-doer) You are no comparison to me.”

Imam Ali (a.s.) was referring to the fact that he was the same person that at the time he was collecting alms from the tribe of Bani al-Mustaliq, when he accused them of being against Islam and Allah rejected him and called him an evil-doer in Surah al-Hujurat Ayah 6: “O you who believe! If an evil- doer comes to you with important news, verify it, lest you should harm people in ignorance (out of haste and making decision), and after wards you become regretful for what you have done.” The back-ground of this Ayah was that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.a.s.) had sent Walid to collect alms-tax from the tribe of Banu Mustaliq. The people of Banu Mustaliq when heard that a representative of the Messenger of Allah was coming, they intended to welcome him. Upon seeing them, Walid was afraid and thought that they were about to kill him. He returned to Madinah and informed the Messenger that they failed to pay the alms-tax and intended to take his life. The Messenger became sad. Before the Messenger would take any action, Banu Mustaliq representatives came to the Messenger and explained in detail as to what had transpired and paid the alms-tax.

The third caliph Usman ibn Iffan, had appointed Walid bin Utbah as the governor of Kufa. Once at the morning prayer, he was so much drunk that instead of two ‘Rak’ats’ (units) of the morning prayer, he offered four ‘Rak’ats and turning to those in the ranks behind him, said: “I am happy now. Tell me, if you want I shall increase the ‘Rak’ats’. (In Islam, morning prayers are only two rakats!). At yet another time, while leading the prayers, Walid threw-up and the smell of wine spread in the mosque. When the matter was reported to the caliph Osman, he consulted the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.), he suggested to punish the transgressor of the Law of God with eighty stripes. Remembering the event, Walid bin Utbah never paid allegiance to Imam Ali (a.s.) even when Imam Ali (a.s.) accepted the Khilafat after Osman.

The famous poet of Islam, Hassan bin Thabit, compiled the following verses:

1.       Anzalal kitabal Aziza Fi Aliyn Wa Fi Walide Qirana

2.       Fatabawwal Walidu Min Zaka Faseqan Wa Aliyun Mubawwa Imina

3.       Laisa Man Kana Mo’menan Arafallahu Kaman Kana Faseqan Khawwana

4.       Saufa Yujzial Walidu Hazanan Wa Naran Wa Aliyun La Shakka Yujziya Janana

5.       Fa Aliyun Ladal Arshe Azzan Wa Walidun Yalqa Hunaka Hawana

English Translation:

1.       Divine revelation was descended about (Imam) Ali and Walid simultaneously.

2.       Walid was mentioned by his transgression while Imam Ali (a.s.) was mentioned for belief and faith.

3.       A man who is believer and pious cannot be like a transgressor.

4.       Walid will soon be punished by Fire and verily (Imam ) Ali will be rewarded the highest place in Paradise.

5.       (Imam ) Ali will have respectable place near the Divine Throne (Arsh) and Walid will meet disgrace. 

Sources used:

The Translation of the Glorious Qur’an (Urdu) by Ayatollah Nasir Makarem Shirazi

The Translation of the Glorious Qur’an (English) by Ayatollah Agha H.M.M.Pooya Yazdi

Enlightening Commentary of the Light of Qur’an

IMAM ALI (A.S.), THE ONLY MUSLIM WHO ACTED UPON THE COMMANDMENT OF AYAH 12 OF SURAH AL-MUJADILAH

The Gateway of knowledge and Wisdom, the Lion of Allah, the Conqueror of Khyber, Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.) was the only man in the Islamic history, who acted upon the Ayah 12 of the Surah al-Mujadilah which said: “O you who believe! When you intend to hold confidential talks with the Messenger, spend something in charity before your private counsel. That will be better and purer for you. But if you fail to afford it, then indeed, Allah is oft-Forgiving, Most Gracious.”

Tabrisi in “Majma al-Bayan” and other famous exegetes (Mufassirin) had reported that some wealthy persons used to surround the Messenger of Allah and engage in confidential talks. It caused a waste of Messenger’s time, upsetting the poor and indigents, while the rich wanted to show-off and exhibit their closeness to the Messenger. Allah revealed this Ayah requiring the persons who planned to engage in private talks with the Messenger to give charity before starting their talk. The Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.) was the first and the only person who acted upon it. Other people ceased to talk in privacy and did not pay any charity.

Tabrisi had reported by the Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali (a.s.) himself, who said: “There is an Ayah in the Glorious Qur’an on which no body before me had acted upon and no body after me will ever act upon. I had a dinar with me and I converted it into ten dirham. Whenever I wanted to talk to the Messenger confidentially, I would give one dirham in charity.” Similar narration was reported by Shokani stated by Abdul Razzaq, Ibn al-Manzar, Ibn Abi Hatim and Ibn Marduya.

Abdullah Ibn Umar, the son of the second caliph Umar ibn Khattab, narrated in Tafsir Ruh al-Bayan: “Hazrat Ali (a.s.) had three special merits; if I would have only one of them it would have been better than the red-haired camels (Arabs use this proverb for very valuable things); his first merit was that the Noble Messenger (s.a.w.a.s.) married his daughter Hazrat Fatima to him (Imam Ali), the second merit was the awarding the Islamic Standard to him (Imam Ali) on the eve of the Battle of Khyber, and the third was the revelation of the"Ayah of Najwa” which only he (Imam Ali) acted upon.”

The commandment of giving charity before speaking confidentially with the Messenger was revoked shortly. Ayah 13 of the Surah al-Mujadilah refers: “Are you afraid of spending in charity before your private consultation? If then you do it not and Allah has forgiven you, then establish prayers and pay alms-tax and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah is All-Aware of what you do.”

The duration of this Commandment was reportedly ten days.

The objective of this Commandment was to establish the sincerity of the so called wealthy Muslims who exhibited love and affection with the Messenger of Allah but withdrew when they had to spend some money.  Moreover, unless it is very essential, the time of important personalities should not be wasted. Same is the lesson for future generations.

Sources used:

The Glorious Qur’an

Enlightening Commentaries into the Light of the Glorious Qur’an

Translation of the Glorious Qur’an (Urdu Translation) by Ayatollah Nassir Makarem Shirazi