Abu Jaffer Muhammad Ibn Ali
Ibn Babuyah is known as Al-Shaykh Al-Saduq. He earned the
title of “Al-Shaykh Al-Saduq” because of his great learning and his reputation
for truthfulness. His father, Al-Shaykh Ali was a leading figure among the
scholars of Qum, Iran.
The date of birth of the Shaykh is not known exactly.
However, an interesting story surrounds his birth. When his father was in Iraq,
he met with Abul Qasim al-Hussayn bin
Rawh, the third agent of the Hidden Imam. He wrote a letter to al-Hussayn
bin Rawh and requested him to carry it to the Hidden Imam. In this letter he
asked for a son. Al-Hussayn wrote back an answer stating that they (the Hidden
Imam and al-Hussayn) had prayed for him and that he will have two sons. Another
version of the story says three sons. On the basis of this story, every Shi’ite
scholar has placed his birth after the year 305 A.H. He was born in Qum and
was educated by his father and came into close contact with all the leading scholars
in Qum and studied under many of them. He travelled widely visiting many
cities in search of Traditions and as a result the number of scholars he learned Traditions from is 211.
Shaykh Tusi puts the number
of his books at over 300. There are some of his books still in manuscript form yet to
be printed. He spent most of his time in collection and compilation of
Traditions. He was a great teacher of
Traditions. His last days were spent in Rayy, which is present day Tehran. He
died in 381A.H. and was buried in Rayy.
Man La Yahzruhu
al-Faqih: It is one of the major Shiite books on Traditions of the Noble
Prophet (s.a.w.s.) and his Pure Progeny (a.s.). Man La Yahzuruhu al-Faqih is
translated as for the one who does not have a jurist present before him. It
contains the Traditions about the laws of Islam or “Furu”. The book was
translated by E.G. Brown as “Every man his own lawyer”. Shaykh Saduq compiled individual
books with complete Asnaad on every topic of Jurisprudence like Book of
Marriage or Book of the Pilgrimage etc. Asnad is the plural of Sanad. Sanad is the most important part of
compiling Tradition. It is the chain of authorities by which the Tradition has
been received from the Noble Prophet (s.a.w.s.) or the Infallible Imams (a.s.). Man La Yahzuru-al Faqih is a summary of
the Traditions on different Islamic jurisprudence without the detailed “Asnads”
meant to be a reference book for ordinary Shia. The book is divided into
sections or Abwaab. It contains 9,044 Traditions.The book was translated into
Urdu.
In many cases, he had elaborated the Tradition so as to
draw some rules from it. Commentaries on the book were written by al-Sayyid
Ahmad b. Zain al-Abidin al-Alawi al-Amili and Muhammad Taqi al-Majlisi
al-Awwal. The book has recently been published in four volumes in Tehran.
His
other books included the following:
11. Oyoon Akhbar ar-Rida which had been dedicated to Sahib ibn Ebad, the wise
minister of Ale Buyeh Dynasty also included certain Traditions of Infallible
Imam ar-Riza (a.s.)
. 2 Kamal al-din wa tamam al-ni’mah or the perfection of
religion and the end of blessings. The book relates to Imam Zamanah (a.t.f.)
including questions about the Occultation for non-believers.
3.3 Ma’ani al-Akhbar in which he explained the shades of complexities of
interpretation of Quran and Traditions.
4. 4 Al-Khisal which is about moral instructions, points of scientific,
historical and legal origins which had been organized according to the
numerical hiearchies.
5.5 Al-Mali in which his students had collected all his speeches and
lessons.
6.6 Ill-al Sharai or cause of situations which includes the reasons behind the
philosophy of Islamic ordinances.
7.7
Al-Amali
8.8
Sifat us-Shia
9.9 Al-Hidayatu fil Fiqah
110. Al-Itiqadaat
111. Thawab ul A’amaal
112. Iqab ul A’mal
113. Fazael-ush- Shia
114. Mussadaqatul Ikhwan
115. Meaani al-Akhbar
116. Al-Mawaaezah
117. Faza’al ul-ashhoor
it-Tahalata
Sources used:
Great Shia Works: Man La Yahduruhal Faqih By Dr. I.K.A. Howard
WIKIPEDIA
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