THE HUMAN AGING

All material things have a span of useful life. Like an automobile, which has a normal useful life of a number of years and it decreases by the passage of time, its extent of usage and normal wear and tear. Similarly, Allah has made the human body to function properly for a period of time. That period fluctuates on the geographical basis, individual care and maintenance which includes nutrition, level of physical activities, genes etc. Modern science has confirmed that “Mind Controls the Body.” Hence a practicing Muslim, on the average, is likely to enjoy sound health and live longer. It also depends on social awakening like the availability of better medical care, preventive efforts to curtail infectious diseases and immunization etc.

Heredity: The significance and influences of heredity on aging is self explanatory. Heredity could be neutralized by environmental factors and bad habits. The effects of heredity can be linked to a famous proverb: “The age of a person can be gauged by the size of his arteries.” Another factor which may affect heredity is the accidental death.

Environment: This is the second most important factor in aging. The environment which offers moderate climate and clean air, is free of harmful microbes and poisons, and contains safe and peaceful living conditions has a bearing upon the well-being and longevity of its inhabitants.

Profession: The type of work, working conditions as well as the working hours, in addition to spiritual and psychological activities have an impact on aging. When a person enjoys sound physical health and mental tranquility, it significantly influences his aging. On the other hand a life full of stress and lack of physical respite and mental peace reduces his life span. The most important factor of modern life is the “stress management”.

Nutrition: The kind of food and the amount we consume impacts our life span. The majority of people who had reached a Century in their lives were dieters. There is a proverb: “A person digs his own grave with his teeth!” Over-eating results in the disorders of digestion, kidneys, heart ailments etc. It was observed during the First World War that deaths due to diabetes decreased drastically due to the shortage of food. It appears that poverty as a cause of reduced intake of food is a blessing in disguise. It is important to reduce the consumption of red meat after the age of 40. We should remember the “Golden Rule of Moderation”. Hence, poor eating may lead to a surge in illnesses and reduce life span.

Senility (old age) and its causes: Senility or old age is marked by the wear and tear of human organs like, heart, stomach, brain and other internal organs which can no longer perform the functions to their capacity, mainly because they are unable to renew their cells and increase the excretions they need to refurbish themselves. The main reason for senility is the disturbance of equilibrium which is apparent by the deficiency of functioning of body parts.

Human body is constantly assailed by different viruses, bacteria and microorganisms which produce toxic substances which destroy healthy cells thereby obstructing the continuation of life. At that time body has to perform dual function of providing nutrients to different organs and also fight these merciless microorganisms. Due to ignorance man brings about more trouble by eating junk food weakening the internal defenses. Some scientists suggest that the toxic excretions from the fermentation of intestinal microbes may cause senility. People living in mountainous regions of the world consume youghurt which contains lactic acid which in turn kills these microbes. Climate, simple but hard working way of life, and genetic composition also contributes to their longevity.

Spiritual Health: As mentioned earlier, human being’s main constituents are body and soul. The above paragraphs dealt with the causes of ailments resulting in shorter life span. Now let us discuss the spiritual side of man.

Muslims who practice Islam reap the enormous physical and spiritual benefits, resulting in lesser ailments and longer life span. If we ponder, we can appreciate the physical, social and spiritual benefits while practicing the “Furoo-e-Deen” or “Branches of Islam” i.e. Salaat, Saum, Hajj, Zakaat, Khums, Jehad, Amre bil Maroof, Nahi Anil Munkar, Tawwalah and Tabarrah.

The Noble Qur’an:

 Surah al-Nisa Ayah 79: “Whatever good you may receive is certainly from Allah and whatever you suffer is from yourselves.”

Surah al-Baqarah Ayah 168: “People, eat of the good and lawful things on earth. Do not follow the foot-steps of Shaitan, he is clearly your enemy.”

Surah al-Mai’dah Ayah 3: “It is unlawful for you to consume the following as food: improperly slaughtered animal, blood, pork……..”

Suarah al-Mai’dah Ayah 90: “Believers, wine, gambling… are abominable acts associated with Shaitan. Avoid them so that you may have everlasting happiness.”

Surah al-Nahl Ayah 66-67: “In cattle, there is certainly a lesson for you. We provide pure and delicious milk. The fruit of palm tree and (grape) vines which provide you with sugar and delicious food (resins)…”

Surah al-Nahl Ayah 69: “From out of their (Bees) bellies comes a drink (honey) of different color in which there is a cure for the human being.”

Surah al-Isra’ Ayah 82: “We reveal the Qur’an, which is a cure and mercy for the believers.”

Surah al-Shu’ara Ayah 80: “And (Allah) heals me when I am sick.”

Surah al-Fussi’lat Ayah 44: “It (Qur’an) is a guide and cure for the believers.”

The Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said:

Allah said that he who lives according to the teachings of Qur’an will have a long life.

Stomach is the home of disease, and abstinence is the head of every remedy.

Eat only when you feel hungry and stop while there is still desire to eat.

When you eat take your shoes off so as to give rest to your feet.

Brush your teeth after every meal and rinse out your mouth.

Less food less sin.

Let no one drink water while standing except the one who is suffering from sciatica.

KHUTBA OF HAZRAT FATIMA ZAHRA (S.A.) CLAIMING FADAK

Praise to Allah for that which He bestowed (us). We thank and laud Him for all that which He inspired and offered, for the abundant boons which He initiated, the perfect grants which He presented. Such boons are too many to compute, too vast to measure. Their limit is too distant to grasp. He commended them (to His beings) so they would gain more by being grateful for their continuity. He ordained Himself praiseworthy by giving generously to His creatures. I testify that there is no God but Allah, the One without a partner, a statement which sincere devotion is its interpretation, the hearts guarantee its continuation, and in the minds and hearts is its perpetuation. He is the One Who cannot be perceived with vision, nor can He be described by tongues, nor can imagination comprehend how He is. He originated things but not from anything that existed before them, created them without preexisting examples. Rather, He created them with His might and spread them according to His will. He did so not for a need for which He created them, nor for a benefit (for Him) did He shape them, but to establish His wisdom, bring attention to His obedience, manifest His might, lead His creatures to humbly venerate Him and exalt His decrees. He then made the reward for obedience to Him and punishment for disobedience so as to protect His creatures from His Wrath and amass them into His Paradise.
I also testify that my Father, Muhammad(s.a.w.s.), is His servant and messenger whom He chose and prior to sending him when the [souls of all] beings were still concealed in that which was transcendental, protected from anything appalling, associated with termination and nonexistence. Allah the Exalted One knew that which was to follow comprehended that which would come to pass and realized the place of every event. Allah sent him (Muhammad s.a.w.s.) to perfect His commands, a resolution to accomplish His decree, and an implementation of the dictates of His Mercy. So he (Muhammad s.a.w.s.) found nations differing in their creeds, obsessed by their fires [Zoroastrians], worshiping their idols [Pagans], and denying Allah [atheists] despite their knowledge of Him. Therefore, Allah illuminated their darkness with my Father, Muhammad (s.a.w.s.), uncovered obscurity from their hearts, and cleared the clouds from their insights. He revealed guidance to the people. He delivered them from being led astray, taking them away from misguidance, showing them the right religion and inviting them to the Straight Path (as-Sirat al-Mustaqeem).
Allah then chose to recall him mercifully, with love and preference. So, Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) is now in comfort, released from the burden of this world, surrounded by angels of devotion, satisfied with the Merciful Lord and with being near the powerful King. So, peace of Allah be with my Father, His Prophet, the trusted one, the one whom He chose from among His servants, His sincere friend, and peace and blessings of Allah with him.
Fatima (A) then turned to the crowd and said:

Surely you (people) are Allah's servants at His command and prohibition, bearers of His creed and revelation. You are the ones whom Allah entrusted to fare with your own selves, His messengers to the nations. Among you does He have the right authority, a covenant which He brought forth to you and a legacy which He left to guard you: The eloquent Book of Allah, the Qur’an of the truth, the brilliant light, the shining beam. Its insights are indisputable, its secrets are revealed, its indications are manifest and those who follow it are surely blessed. (The Qur’an) leads its adherents to righteousness. Listening (and acting upon) it leads to salvation. Through it are the enlightening divine arguments achieved, His manifest determination acquired, His prohibited decrees avoided, His manifest evidence recognized, His convincing proofs made apparent, His permissions granted and His laws written. So Allah made belief (in Islam) purification for you from polytheism. He made prayers exaltation for you from conceit, Zakat purification for the soul and a (cause of) growth in subsistence, fast an implantation of devotion, pilgrimage a construction of the creed and justice (Adl) the harmony of the hearts. And He made obedience to us (Ahl ul Bayt) the management of the affairs of the nation and our leadership (Ahl ul Bayt) a safeguard from disunity. He made jihad (struggle) a way for strengthening Islam and patience a helping course for deserving (divine) rewards. He made commending what is right (Amr Bil Ma’ruf) a cause for public welfare, kindness to parents a safeguard from (His) wrath, the maintaining of close ties with one's kin a cause for a longer life and for multiplying the number of offspring, in-kind reprisal (Qisas) to save lives, fulfillment of vows the earning of mercy, the completion of weights and measures a cause for avoiding neglecting the rights of others, forbidding drinking wines an exaltation from atrocity, avoiding slander a veil from curse, abandoning theft-a reason for deserving chastity. Allah has also prohibited polytheism so that one can devote himself to His Lordship.

Therefore; Fear Allah as He should be feared, and die not except in a state of Islam; Obey Allah in that which He has commanded you to do and that which He has forbidden, for surely those truly fear among His servants, who have knowledge.' 'O People! Be informed that I am Fatima, and my father is Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) I say that repeatedly and initiate it continually; I say not what I say mistakenly, nor do I do what I do aimlessly.

Now hath come unto you an Apostle from among yourselves; It grieves him that you should perish; ardently anxious is he over you; to the believers he is most kind and merciful. Thus, if you identify and recognize him, you shall realize that he is my father and not the father of any of your women; the brother of my cousin (Ali a.s.) rather than any of your men. What an excellent identity he was, may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his descendants? Thus, he propagated the Message, by coming out openly with the warning, and while inclined away from the path of the polytheists, (whom he) struck their strength and seized their throats, while he invited (all) to the way of his Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching. He destroyed idols, and defeated heroes, until their group fled and turned their backs. So night revealed its dawn; righteousness uncovered its genuineness; the voice of the religious authority spoke out loud; the evil discords were silenced; the crown of hypocrisy was diminished; the tightening of infidelity and desertion were untied, So you spoke the statement of devotion among a band of starved ones; and you were on the edge of a hole of fire;(you were) the drink of the thirsty one; the opportunity of the desiring one; the fire brand of him who passes in haste; the step for feet; you used to drink from the water gathered on roads; eat jerked meat. (Lady Fatima (A) was stating their lowly situation before Islam) You were despised outcasts always in fear of abduction from those around you. Yet, Allah rescued you through my father, Muhammad after much ado, and after he was confronted by mighty men, the Arab beasts, and the demons of the people of the Book who, whenever they ignited the fire of war, Allah extinguished it; and whenever the thorn of the devil appeared, or a mouth of the polytheists opened wide in defiance, he would strike its discords with his brother Ali (a.s.), who comes not back until he treads its wing with the sole of his feet, and extinguishes its flames with his sword. Ali is diligent in Allah's affair, near to the Messenger of Allah, a master among Allah's worshipers, setting to work briskly, sincere in his advice, earnest and exerting himself (in service to Islam); While you were calm, happy, and feeling safe in your comfortable lives, waiting for us to meet disasters, awaiting the spread of news, you fell back during every battle, and took to your heels at times of fighting. Yet, When Allah chose His Prophet from the dwell of His prophets, and the abode of His sincere (servants); the thorns of hypocrisy appeared on you, the garment of faith became worn out, the misguided ignorant(s) spoke out, the sluggish ignorant came to the front and brayed. The he camel of the vain wiggled his tail in your courtyards and the Devil stuck his head from its place of hiding and called upon you, he found you responsive to his invitation, and observing his deceits. He then aroused you and found you quick (to answer him), and invited you to wrath, therefore; you branded other than your camels and proceeded to other than your drinking places. Then while the era of the Prophet was still near, the gash was still wide, the scar had not yet healed, and the Messenger was not yet buried. A (quick) undertaking as you claimed, aimed at preventing discord (trial), surely, they have fallen into trial already! And indeed Hell surrounds the unbelievers. How preposterous! What an idea! What a falsehood! For Allah's Book is still among you, its affairs are apparent; its rules are manifest; its signs are dazzling; its restrictions are visible, and its commands are evident. Yet, indeed you have cast it behind your backs! What! Do you detest it? Or according to something else you wish to rule? Evil would be the exchange for the wrongdoers! And if anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah), it will never be accepted from him; And in the hereafter, he will be in the ranks of those who have lost. Surely you have not waited until its stampede seized, and it became obedient. You then started arousing its flames, instigating its coal, complying with the call of the misled devil, quenching the light of the manifest religion, and extinguished the light of the sincere Prophet. You concealed sips on froth and proceeded towards his (the Prophet) kin and children in swamps and forests (meaning you plot against them in deceitful ways), but we are patient with you as if we are being notched with knives and stung by spearheads in our abdomens, Yet-now you claim that there is not inheritance for us! What! "Do they then seek after a judgment of (the Days of) ignorance? But how, for a people whose faith is assured, can give better judgment than Allah? Don't you know? Yes, indeed it is obvious to you that I am his daughter. O Muslims! Will my inheritance be usurped? O son of Abu Qahafa! Where is it in the Book of Allah that you inherit your father and I do not inherit mine? Surely you have come up with an unprecedented thing. Do you intentionally abandon the Book of Allah and cast it behind your back? Do you not read where it says: “And Suleiman inherited Dawood”? And when it narrates the story of Zakariya and says: “So give me an heir as from thyself (One that) will inherit me, and inherit the posterity of Yaqoob” And: `But kindred by hood have prior rights against each other in the Book of Allah' And: Allah (thus) directs you as regards your children's (inheritance) to the male, a portion equal to that of two females' And, If he leaves any goods, that he make a bequest to parents and next of kin, according to reasonable usage; this is due from the pious ones.' You claim that I have no share! And that I do not inherit my father! What! Did Allah reveal a (Qur'anic) verse regarding you, from which He excluded my father? Or do you say: `these (Fatima and her father) are the people of two faiths, they do not inherit each other?!' Are we not, me and my father, a people adhering to one faith? Or is it that you have more knowledge about the specifications and generalizations of the Qur'an than my father and my cousin (Imam Ali)? So, here you are! Take it! (Ready with) its nose rope and saddled! But it shall encounter you on the Day of Gathering; (thus) what a wonderful judge is Allah, a claimant is Muhammad (s.a.w.s.), and a day is the Day of Rising. At the time of the Hour shall the wrongdoers lose; and it shall not benefit you to regret (your actions) then! For every Message, there is a time limit; and soon shall ye know who will be inflicted with torture that will humiliate him, and who will be confronted by an everlasting punishment. Fatima then turned towards the Ansars and said: O you people of intellect! The strong supporters of the nation! And those who embraced Islam; what is this shortcoming in defending my right? And what is this slumber (while you see) injustice being done toward me? Did not the Messenger of Allah, my father, used to say: A man is upheld (remembered) by his children'? O how quick have you violated his orders?! How soon have you plotted against us? But you still are capable (of helping me in) my attempt, and powerful (to help me) in that which I request and (in) my pursuit (of it). Or do you say: "Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) has perished;" Surely this is a great calamity; its damage is excessive its injury is great, its wound (is much too deep) to heal. The Earth became darkened with his departure; the stars eclipsed for his calamity; hopes were seized; mountains submitted; sanctity was violated, and holiness was encroached upon after his death. Therefore, this, by Allah, is the great affliction, and the grand calamity; there is not an affliction-which is the like of it; nor will there be a sudden misfortune (as surprising as this). The Book of Allah-excellent in praising him-announced in the courtyards (of your houses) in the place where you spend your evenings and mornings; A call, A cry, A recitation, and (verses) in order. It had previously come upon His (Allah's) Prophets and Messengers; (for it is) a decree final and predestination fulfilled: "Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) is not but an Apostle: Many were the apostles that passed away before him. If he died or was slain, will ye then turn back on your heels? If any did turn back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to Allah; but Allah (on the other hand) will swiftly reward those who (serve Him) with gratitude." O you people of reflection; will I be usurped the inheritance of my father while you hear and see me?! (And while) you are sitting and gathered around me? You hear my call, and are included in the (news of the) affair? (But) you are numerous and well equipped! You have the means and the power, and the weapons and the shields. Yet, the call reaches you but you do not answer; the cry comes to you but you do not come to help? You are characterized by struggle, known for goodness and welfare, the selected group (which was chosen), and the best ones chosen by the Messenger for us, Ahl ul Bayt. You fought the Arabs, bore with pain and exhaustion, struggled against the nations, and resisted their heroes. We were still, so were you in ordering you and you in obeying us. So that Islam became triumphant, the accomplishment of the days came near, the fort of polytheism was subjected, the outburst of was subjected, the outburst of infidelity calmed down, and the system of religion was well-ordered. Thus, (why have you) become confused after clearness? Conceal matters after announcing them? Turned on your heels after daring? Associated (others with Allah) after believing? Will you not fight people who violated their oaths? Plotted to expel the Apostle and became aggressive by being the first (to assault) you? Do you fear them? Nay, it is Allah Whom you should more justly fear, if you believe! Nevertheless, I see that you are inclined to easy living; dismissed he who is more worthy of guardianship (Ali a.s.); you secluded yourselves with meekness and dismissed that which you accepted. Yet, if you show ingratitude, you and all on earth together, yet, Allah free of all wants, worthy of all praise. Surely I have said all that I have said with full knowledge that you intent to forsake me, and knowing the betrayal that your hearts sensed. But it is the state of soul, the effusion of fury, the dissemination of (what is) the chest and the presentation of the proof. Hence, here it is! Bag it (leadership and) put it on the back of an ill she camel, which has a thin hump with everlasting grace, marked with the wrath of Allah, and the blame of ever (which leads to) the Fire of (the wrath of Allah kindled (to a blaze), that which does mount (right) to the hearts; For, Allah witnesses what you do, and soon will the unjust assailants know what vicissitudes their affairs will take! And I am the daughter of a Warner (the Prophet) to you against a severe punishment. So, act and so will we and wait, and we shall wait.'

It appears from recorded historical events, that Lady Fatima (A) was successful at the beginning in persuading the caliph  to hand back Fadak to her; listen to part of a speech he (according to some historians) delivered after hearing Fatima's speech. He said: “O daughter of the Messenger of Allah... Surely the Prophet is your father, not anyone else's, the brother of your husband, not any other man's; he surely preferred him over all his friends and (Ali a.s.) supported him in every important matter, no one loves you save the lucky and no one hates you save the wretched. You are the blessed progeny of Allah's Messenger, the chosen ones, our guides to goodness our path to Paradise, and you-the best of women-and the daughter of the best of prophets, truthful is your sayings, excelling in reason. You shall not be driven back from your right...But I surely heard your father saying: `We the, group of prophets do not inherit, nor are we inherited Yet, this is my situation and property, it is yours (if you wish); it shall not be concealed from you, nor will it be stored away from you. You are the Mistress of your father's nation, and the blessed tree of your descendants. Your property shall not be usurped against your will nor can your name be defamed. Your judgment shall be executed in all that which I possess. This, do you think that I violate your father's (will)?"
Fatima then refuted his claim that the Prophet had stated that prophets cannot be inherited, and said: "Glory be to Allah!! Surely Allah's Messenger did not abandon Allah's Book nor did he violate His commands. Rather, he followed its decrees and adhered to its chapters. So do you unite with treachery justifying your acts with fabrications? Indeed this-after his departure-is similar to the disasters which were plotted against him during his lifetime. But behold! This is Allah's Book, a just judge and a decisive speaker, saying: `One that will (truly) inherit me, and inherit the posterity of Yaqub,' (19:6) and 'And Suleiman inherited Dawood.' (27: 16) Thus, He (Glory be to Him) made clear that which He made share of all heirs, decreed from the amounts of inheritance, allowed for males and females, and eradicated all doubts and ambiguities (pertaining to this issue which existed with the) bygones. Nay! But your minds have made up a tale (that may pass) with you, but (for me) patience is most fitting against that which you assert; it is Allah (alone) whose help can be sought." It is apparent that the caliph chanced the mode with which he addressed Lady Fatima (A) after delivering her speech. Listen to his following speech; which is his reply to Fatima's just reported speech.

He said: "Surely Allah and His Apostle are truthful, and so has his (the Prophet's) daughter told the truth. Surely you are the source of wisdom, the element of faith, and the sole authority. May Allah not refute your righteous argument, nor invalidate your decisive speech. But these are the Muslims between us-who have entrusted me with leadership, and it was according to their satisfaction that I received what I have. I am not being arrogant, autocratic, or selfish, and they are my witnesses." Upon hearing his speech of the people's support for him, Lady Fatima Zahra (A) turned towards them and said:

"O people, who rush towards uttering falsehood and are indifferent to disgraceful and losing actions! Do you not earnestly seek to reflect upon the Qur'an, or are your hearts isolated with locks? But on your hearts is the stain of the evil, which you committed; it has seized your hearing and your sight, evil is that which you justified, cursed is that which you reckoned, and wicked is what you have taken for an exchange! You shall, by Allah, find bearing it (to be a great) burden, and its consequences disastrous. (That is) on the day when the cover is removed and appears to you what is behind it of wrath. When you will be confronted by Allah with that which you could never have expected, there will perish, there and then, those who stood on falsehoods." Although parts of his speeches cannot be verified with authentic evidence, and despite the fact that we have already mentioned part of the actual speech, which he delivered after Lady Fatima's arguments, it appears certain that he was finally persuaded to submit Fadak to her. Nevertheless, when Fatima was leaving, Umar ibn Khattab suddenly appeared and exclaimed: "What is it that you hold in your hand?" Abu Bakr replied: 'A decree I have written for Fatima in which I assigned Fadak and her father's inheritance to her." Umar then said: "With what will you spend on the Muslims if the Arabs decide to fight you?!" Umar then seized the decree and tore it up!!!

THE HOLY PROPHET (S.A.W.S.) AND THE NOBLE QUR'AN

Some of the relevant Ayahs of the Noble Qur’an relating to the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) are reproduced below:

Surah al-Anbiya Ayah 107: “(Muhammad), We have sent you for no other reason but to be mercy for mankind.”

Surah al-Jumu’ah Ayah 2: “It is He who has sent to the illiterate (people without a heavenly book) a Messenger from among their own people to recite to them His revelations and purify them. He will teach the Book to them and wisdom, even though before this they had been in plain error.”

Surah al-Ahza’ab Ayah 21: “The Messenger of Allah is certainly a good example for those of you who have hope in Allah and in the Day of Judgment and who remember Allah very often.”

Surah al-Ahza’ab Ayah 22: “On seeing the allied tribes, the believers said, This is what Allah and His Messenger had promised us. The promise of Allah and His Messenger is true. This only strengthens their faith and their desire of submission to the Will of Allah.”

Surah al-Ahza’ab Ayah 33: “O People of the House (of Messenger), Allah wants to keep away all kinds of uncleanness from you and to purify you thoroughly.”

Surah al-Ahza’b Ayah 36: “The believing men and women must not feel free to do something in their affairs other than that which has been already decided by for them by Allah and His Messenger. One who disobeys Allah and His Messenger is in plain error.”

Surah al-Ahza’ab Ayah 40: “Muhammad is not the father of any of your males. He is the Messenger of Allah and the last Prophet. Allah has the knowledge of all things.”

Surah al-Ahza’b Ayahs 45-46: “O Prophet, We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad news, a Warner, a preacher for Allah by His permission and as a shining torch.”

Surah al-Ahza’b Ayah 56: “Allah purifies and adorns the Prophet, and His angels praise him. O believers pray for the Prophet (acknowledging his possessing divine authority) and greet him (as your guardian and as the Messenger of Allah) with, the greeting of peace submissively.”

Surah al-Haqqah Ayah 40: “It (the Qur’an) is certainly the word of a reverent Messenger.”

Surah al-Nisa Ayah 59: “Believers, obey Allah, His Messenger, and your (qualified) leaders. If you have faith in Allah, and the Day of Judgment, refer to Allah and His Messenger concerning matters in which you differ. This would be a more virtuous and a better way of settling differences.”

Surah al-Nisa Ayah 174: “Mankind, an undeniable proof (the Holy Prophet s.a.w.s.) has certainly come to you and We have sent you a shining light (Imam Ali a.s.)”

Surah al-A’raf Ayah 157: “There are those who follow the Messenger, the Ummi Prophet, whose description they find in the Torah and the Gospel. He (the Messenger) enjoins them to do good and forbid them to do all that is unlawful, makes lawful for them all that are pure and unlawful all that is filthy, and removes their burdens and the entanglements in which they are involved. Those who believe in him honor and help him, and follow the light (Imam Ali a.s.) which is sent down to him will have everlasting happiness.”

Surah al-Tal’aq Ayah 11: “A Messenger who recites to you the illustrious revelations of Allah, to bring the righteously striving believers out of darkness into light….”

Surah al-Saaf Ayah 11: “Have faith in Allah and His Messenger and strive hard for His cause with your wealth and in person. This is better for you if only you knew.”

Surah al-Hujar’at Ayahs 1-3: “O believers do not be presumptuous with the Messenger of Allah (in your deeds and your words). Have fear of Allah; He is All-Hearing and All-Knowing. Believers, do not raise your voices above the voice of the Prophet; do not be too loud in speaking to him, lest your deeds will be made devoid of all virtue without your realizing it. The hearts of those who lower their voices in the presence of the Messenger of Allah are tested by Allah through piety. They will have forgiven and a great reward.”

Surah al-Fath Ayah 10: “Those who pledge to you are, in fact, pledging obedience to Allah. The hands of Allah are above their hands. As for those who disregard their pledge, they do so only against their own souls. Those who fulfill their promise to Allah will receive a great reward.

Surah al-Nashrah Ayah 1-4: “(Muhammad), did We not comfort your heart, relieve you of the burden which had been a heavy weight upon your back (by creating Ali ibn Abu Talib to help you against your atrocious enemies), and grant you an exalted reputation?”

Surah al-Isra Ayah 1: “Allah is the Exalted One who took His servant one night for a visit from the Sacred Mosque (in Makkah) to the Farthest Mosque (in the heavens). Allah has blessed the surroundings of the Farthest Mosque. He took His servant on this visit to show him (miraculous) evidence of His (existence). It is He who is All-hearing and All-aware.

Surah al-Najm 2-4: “Your companion (Muhammad) is not in error nor has he deviated. He does not speak out of his own desires. It (whatever he says) is a revelation which has been revealed to him.”

Surah al-Najm Ayahs 6-18: “While he (the Holy Prophet) was on the uppermost horizon. He (the Holy Prophet) then drew near and nearer until he was as close as the distance of two bows, or even less (to the point where from Allah’s words came). He (Allah) then revealed to His servant whatever He wanted to reveal. His (Muhammad’s) heart did not lie about what he had witnessed. Do you then argue with him even about what he observes (and see)?”

Surah al-Imran Ayah 31: “(Muhammad), tell them, “If you love Allah, follow me. Allah will love you and forgive your sins. Allah is All-forgiving and All-merciful.”

Surah Yunus Ayah 128: “A Messenger from your own people has come to you. Your destruction and suffering are extremely grievous to him. He (the Holy Prophet) really cares about you and is very compassionate and merciful to the believers.

Surah al-Anfal Ayah 33: “Allah would not punish them while you were among them nor while they were asking for forgiveness.” 

Surah al-Alaq Ayah 1: “(Muhammad), read in the name of your Lord who created (all things).   

Surah al-Kauthar Ayah 1: “(Muhammad), We have granted you abundant (descendants).

                Sources used:

                The Noble Qur’an translation                             by Mir Ahmad Ali & Agha Pooya

                The Noble Qur’an translation                             by Muhammad Sarwar   

WHAT NON-MUSLIMS SAY ABOUT THE HOLY PROPHET (S.A.W.S.)

Some of the European writers in the past have used the word “Muhamadanism” while referring to Islam, which communicates the idea of worshiping Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) which is absolutely baseless. Islam preaches worshiping of one god which is Allah (s.w.t.) and Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) His servant and Messenger.

A French author, Alphonse de LaMartaine, had written in his book, Historie de la Turquie, published in 1854 in Paris about the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.): “If greatness of purpose, smallness of means, and the astonishing results are the three criteria of human genius, who dare compare any man in history with Muhammad (s.a.w.s.)? The most famous men created arms, laws and empires only. They founded no more than material powers which often crumbled away. This man not only moved armies, legislations, empires, peoples, dynasties, but millions of men in one-third of the then inhabited world; and more than that, he moved the altars, the gods, the religions, the ideas , the beliefs, and the souls. Philosopher, Orator, Apostle, Legislator, Conqueror of Ideas, Restorer of Rational Beliefs, .The Founder of twenty terrestrial empires, and one spiritual empire that is Muhammad (s.a.w.s.). As regards all standards by which human greatness may be measured, we may well ask, is there any man greater than he?

Sir George Bernard Shaw says in “The Genuine Islam”: “If any religion has any chance of ruling over England, nay Europe within the next hundred years, it is Islam.” “I have always held religion of Muhammad in high estimation because of its wonderful vitality. It is the only religion which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence which can make itself to appeal every age. I have studied him – the wonderful man in my opinion for from being an anti-Christ, he must be called The Savior of Humanity!” “I believe that a man like him were to assume the dictatorship of the modern world succeed in solving its problems in a way that it would bring it the much needed peace and happiness. I have prophesied about the faith of Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) that it would be acceptable to Europe of tomorrow as it is beginning to be acceptable to the Europe of  today.”  

Mahatma Gandhi said in “Young India”: “I wanted to know the best of the life of one who holds today the undisputed sway over the hearts of the millions of mankind. I became more than ever convinced that it was not the sword that won a place for Islam in those days in the scheme of life. It was the rigid simplicity, the utter self-effacement of the Prophet the scrupulous regard for pledges, his intense devotion for his friends and followers, his intrepidity, his fearlessness, his absolute trust in God, and in his own mission. These and not the sword carried everything before them and surmounted every obstacle.”  

Michael Hart’s famous book; “The 100, A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History” New York 1978 Mr. Hart had placed the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) as the first leading person in history. He says: “My choice of Muhammad to lead the list of the world’s most influential persons may surprise some readers and may be questioned by others, but he was the only man in history who was supremely successful on both the secular and religious levels. It is probable the relative influence of Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) on Islam has been larger than the combined influence of Jesus Christ and St. Paul on Christianity. It is this unparalleled combination of secular and religious influence which I feel entitles Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) to be considered the most influential single individual in human history.”

Dr. William Draper in “History of Intellectual Development of Europe” writes: “Four years after the death of Justinian A.D. 569, was born in Mecca, in Arabia, the man who, of all men, has exercised the greatest influence upon the human race. To be the religious head of many empires, to guide the daily life of one-third of human race, may perhaps justify the title of a Messenger of God.”

Thomas Carlyle in “Heroes and Hero Worship and the Heroic History” 1840 A.D. writes “The Lies (Western Slander) which well meaning zeal has heaped round this man (Muhammad s.a.w.s.) are disgraceful to ourselves only. A silent great soul, one of that which cannot but be earnest. He was to kindle the world; the worlds’ Maker had ordered so.

Gibbon in “The Decline and Fall of Roman Empire” 1823 Writes: “The good sense of Muhammad despised the pomp of royalty. The Apostle of God submitted to the menial offices of the family; he kindled the fire, swept the floor, milked the ewes; and mended with his own hands his shoes and garments. Disdaining the penance and merit of a hermit, he observed without effort of vanity the abstemious diet of an Arab.”

Phillip K. Hitti in History of the Arabs: says: “Within a brief span of mortal life, Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) called forth of unpromising material, a nation, never welded before; in a country that was hitherto a geographical expression he established a religion which in vast areas suppressed Christianity and Judaism, and laid the basis of an empire that was soon to embrace within its far flung boundaries the fairest provinces the then civilized world.”

D.G.Hogarth in “Arabia”:  says: “Serious or trivial, his daily behavior has instituted canon which millions observe this day with conscious memory. No one regarded by any section of human race as Perfect Man has ever been imitated so minutely. The conduct of the founder of Christianity has not governed the ordinary life of his followers. Moreover, no founder of a religion has left on so solitary an eminence as the Muslim Apostle.

Washington Irving “Mahomet and his successors”: says: “He was sober and abstemious in his diet and a rigorous observer of fasts. He indulged in no magnificence of apparel, the ostentation of a petty mind; neither was his simplicity in dress affected but a real but a result of a real disregard for distinction from so trivial a source.  

In his private dealings he was just. He treated friends and strangers, the rich and poor, the powerful and weak, with equity, and was beloved by the common people for the affability with which he received them, and listened to their complaints.

His military triumph awakened no pride nor vain glory, as they would have done for had they been effected for self purposes .In the times of his greatest power he maintained the same simplicity of manners and appearance as in the days of his adversity. So far from affecting a regal state, he was displeased if, on entering a room, any unusual testimonial of respect was shown to him. If he aimed at a universal dominion, it was the dominion of faith; as to the temporal rule which grew up in his hands, as he used without ostentation, so he took no step to perpetuate it in his family.”

Sources used:

The 100, A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in History                     by Michael Hart

Quotations from famous people                                                                   by Dr. A. Zahoor & Dr. Z.Haq

MUHAMMAD IBN ABDULLAH (S.A.W.S.)'S SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

The Noble Qur’an: “The Messenger of Allah is certainly a good example for those of you who have hope in Allah and in the Day of Judgment and who remembers Allah very often.” Surah al-Ahzab, Ayah 21

“(Muhammad) We have sent you for no other reason but to be a mercy for mankind.” Surah al-Anbiya Ayah 107

“You have attained great moral standard (religion)” Surah al-Qalam Ayah 4           

Honesty: Muhammad ibn Abdullah (s.a.w.s.) was a Prophet before even Adam was created. Before he openly invited people towards Islam, he travelled to Syria in connection with Hazrat Khadija (s.a.)’s business. This journey made his honesty, reliability and efficiency clear although before this journey people trusted him with their valuables and used to call him “Muhammad, the trustworthy”. When declared his Prophet Hood, the Qureshites became hostile towards him but continued to deposit their valuables with him! That’s why; he left behind the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.) at the time of his Migration to Madinah to return the trusted valuables of the Qureshites even though they planned to kill him.

Behavior with his family: He was kind to his family. He was never harsh to his wives. He used to say that both men and women have good and bad qualities, so always look at the good qualities of your spouses. He was extremely affectionate to his children and grandchildren and showed love and tenderness to them. He had special attachment to the young Imam Hassan(a.s.) and Imam Hussayn (a.s.). At numerous occasions, they would sit on his back while he was praying and would elongate his prostration to accommodate them. Once, on way to Eid prayers, he became a camel for them and made camel sounds to please them. He adored his daughter, Lady of Paradise Hazrat Fatima Zahra (s.a.) and used to call her “The Mother of her Father”.

Treatment of slaves:  He was extraordinarily kind to the slaves. He told people that slaves were their  brothers and that treat them as equal; provide the same food as they ate and give them the same type of clothes as they themselves wore. He described slave-trading as the worst occupation.

Social behavior: He was always kind, cheerful, and courteous with people, took a lead in greeting all including children and slaves. He did not stretch his feet in front of anyone and did not recline in the presence of others. In his company, all sat in a circular form, and none had any distinct place or position. He was watchful of his companions and if he did not see any of them for two or three days, he would inquire about him. If any one of them was ill, he used to visit him, and if he had any problem, he will try to resolve it. In a gathering, he would not address or pay attention to any one individual but equally attended to all. He did not like that he should be sitting and others serving him. He personally took part in whatever was to be done. He used to say that Allah hates a man who considers himself superior to others.

Soft as well as tough: In his personal affairs, he was soft, sympathetic and tolerant. But in the matters of principle, he was tough and never showed any leniency. At the time of Victory of Makkah, he overlooked all wrongs committed by them against him over 23 years and declared a general amnesty. He accepted the apology of the murderer of his beloved uncle Hazrat Hamza (a.s.). But on that very occasion, he punished a woman of Banu Makhzum, who committed theft. She belonged to a respectable family, who regarded the punishment as an insult. Some of the companions also interceded on her behalf, but he said angrily that the Divine Law could not be suspended for the sake of an individual.

Imam Ali (a.s.) about the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.): The King of Martyrs Imam Hussayn (a.s.) inquired from his father Imam Ali (a.s.) about the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) and he said: “He would work to unite the people and not divide them. He was balanced and did not go to extreme. His gatherings were gatherings of kindness and modesty, patience and trust. He was always smiling and easy to get along with. He would not seek to find fault with people or to flatter the people. He forbade himself three things; showing off, excess in anything, and interfering in those things which did not concern him. He held back three things from the people: he would not condemn or rebuke any one, nor would he seek out another’s secrets, and would only speak in matters in which he sought Divine Rewards. He would never interrupt another person while he was speaking until he asked permission or his speech had ended or the other person had stood to leave. Whenever he saw that one of his companions was dejected, he would joke with him to delight him.

Noble Conduct:  Whenever he shook hands with anyone he would never withdraw his hand until the other person withdrew his hand first.

He never criticized food. If he liked it he would eat it, if he did not like it he would leave it.

Whenever anyone sat with him and later stood up to leave he would also stand up to see him off out of respect.

He did not treat anyone harshly and would accept an apology of one who offered it.

He was always smiling except the times when he Noble Qur’an descended upon him or he was giving sermon.

He would never requite a bad action with a bad action but would forgive and pardon.

Whoever spoke to him about a matter he would listen with patience until the person was satisfied and left.

Once, he was in debt to a Jewish man. The man came to collect the debt. The Prophet (s.a.w.s.) said: “I have nothing to give you.” The man said: “Then I will not leave your side until you fulfill your debt.” The man sat with him till he prayed noon and after noon prayers then the sunset prayers and dawn prayers. The companions were threatening him. When he saw this he told the companions: “What are you doing to him?” The companions said: “Do you let a Jew detain you?” He said: “My Lord did not send me to wrong a covenanter or anyone else.” When day rose the Jewish man said: “I testify that there is no god but God, and Muhammad is His servant and apostle. Divide my wealth in the way of God. I swear that I have only done what I have done so that I may see your description confirms to the description in Torah.”

He would attend funerals and visit the sick.

He angered for the sake of Allah not for his own sake.

He would sit with the poor people and eat with paupers and give them food with his own hands.

He was extremely modest and if ever he was asked for a thing he would give it.

Imam Jaffer al-Sadiq (a.s.) said: “The Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him and his family, said: “My Lord has ordered me to cultivate seven characteristics: to love the paupers and approach them, and to say often the words: ’there is no power or strength except through God, and to maintain the bonds of kinship even if they should cut the ties with me, and to look to those who are lower than me and not to look to those who are above me, and not to be affected in the way of God by the aspersions of the blamer, and to speak the truth however bitter it may be, and not to ask anything of anyone.”

Merciful nature:  He was a model of mercy and kindness. It is related that the Prophet, if he heard during the prayer, a child crying, he would hasten the end of prayer so that the child’s mother could go to the child.

It is related that he smiled when some prisoners of war were brought before him. One of the prisoners said: “O Muhammad, you take us prisoner and then you smile?” He said: “I smiled because I want to take you to felicity and Paradise, where as you want to flee towards wretchedness and Hellfire.”

Kindness to animals:  His forgiveness and kindness was not confined to human beings but also encompassed animals. Once he saw that a she –camel was hobbled but was loaded and it was evidently heavy for her. He said: “Where is her owner? Tell him he should be prepared for a suit against him on the morrow.”

Reference:

The Noble Qur’an

The Prophet Muhammad-A Mercy to the world                                  by Imam Muhammad Shirazi

SURAH AL-ASR IN THE NOBLE QUR'AN

Surah al-Asr is the 103^rd Surah of the Noble Qur’an. It was revealed in the Holy city of Makkah. It is one of the shortest Surahs. It has three Ayahs. It describes the ultimate loss of all human beings except men who develop and possess the following qualities and are:

1.       Faithful.

2.       Perform good deeds.

3.       Persuade others towards virtues.

4.       Advise patience.

It is important and very essential that one should not only have knowledge of the above qualities but also practice them. Allama Tabatabai (r.a.) in Tafseer-al-Mizaan says: “God Almighty has elucidated all the learning of the Qur’an and all the Divine Truths and Truths about mankind in this small Surah.” The literal meaning of the Ayahs is;

                “(I swear) by the time, human beings are doomed to suffer loss (and fail), except the righteously striving believers who exhort each other to truthful purposes and to patience.”

The meaning of “Asr” is to squeeze. However, subsequently it was used to denote continuity of time. Some others thought that it refers to the period when the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) was sent into this world to preach the religion of Allah (s.w.t.), Islam, so that mankind, in all ages, came out from the darkness of ignorance into the light of Divine Guidance and reach higher realms of spiritual bliss. Imam Jaffer al-Sadiq (a.s.) said: “It refers to the age when the living Imam Mahdi (a.t.f.) will be commissioned by Allah (s.w.t.) to administer the human society under the laws of Allah (s.w.t.) prescribed in Islam. He further said that the person who recites this Surah in the recommended prayers will have a shining face on the Day of Judgment. Further, one who recites this Surah will be patient in adversity and will be counted among the people of truth.”

The word “Asr” have been used 5 times, “Inasan” 97 times, “Khusr” 65 times, “Aml” 359 times, “Sulh” (root word for Salehat) 189 times, “Haq” 287 times, “Sabr” 103 times, in the Noble Qur’an.

Imam Jaffer al-Sadiq (a.s.) was inquired about the word “Insan” in this Surah, He said:”Because Insan have a tendency to forget.”      Human beings are created by Allah (s.w.t.) in the best form, provided Divine Guidance over the centuries through His Prophets and Imams and also intellect to decide whether to follow right path or follow the Shaitan. Ultimately, by his wrong decisions, man’s life results in loss. Time is like a capital which goes away as days turn into months, months turn into years and his life ends in a loss.

As stated earlier, the only fortunate people are those who have strong belief, do virtuous deeds in the light of those beliefs, exercise “Amr-e-Bil Maroof” and exhort others to be patient in every walk of life. Belief or Faith is like a lamp inside a dark room which not only illuminates the room but its light comes out from the windows which is visible to outsiders. The light of Faith beams out from the tongue, eyes, ears and the limbs of a faithful! Man’s actions are reflection of his beliefs and thoughts. Faith or belief is what we call “Roots of Islam”; faith in Tauheed or oneness of God, that He dispenses Justice, has sent one hundred twenty four thousand Prophets, that He revealed the four Divine Books to guide humanity, the last one being the Noble Qur’an, and the Day of Reckoning Because the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) was the last Prophet, but the earth cannot be left without Guidance, hence the task of interpretation and protection of Islam was assigned to the Infallible Imams. That is the reason Allah have protected the last Imam and placed him in Occultation, and he continues to guide the mankind like sun provides energy to earth from behind the clouds.

Good deeds are like the fruits of a fruitful tree. The “Branches of Islam” covers the virtuous deeds which are; prayers, fasting, Hajj, Zakaat, Khums, Jihad, Amre BilMaroof, Nahi Anal Munkar, Tawwala, Tabarra.

Haq means truth. There are about twelve meanings of the word “Haq” used in the Noble Qur’an. Haq means Allah as stated in Surah al-Anaam, Ayah 62. Haq means Prophet as mentioned in Surah al-Imran Ayah 86 which says: “Bear witness that the Prophet is Haq.” There is a famous Tradition of the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.s.) which says: “Ali is with Haq and Haq is with Ali. Both are inseparable till they meet me at the “Kauthar”. Other meaning of Haq used in the Noble Qur’an are Qur’an itself, justice, and Islam.

In the Ayah, only Amre Bil Maroof has been mentioned. According to the Traditions, one should perform virtuous deeds himself before advising others to do it. Similarly, one should abstain from committing bad deeds before asking others not to do bad deeds.

Our salvation lies in exercising patience and perseverance and enjoining others to do the same. Belief, performing virtuous deeds and advising others to do good deeds can only be preserved by exercising patience. In practicing virtuous deeds, every one meets with some difficulties which need patience. Imam Jaffer al-Sadiq (a.s.) said: “Verily, Sabr is to faith as the head is to the body. Without head body will perish and so also if Sabr goes faith also goes.” The Imam (a.s.) further said: “When the believer enters the grave, salat is on his right side, Zakat on his left side; virtue faces him, with Sabr taking him into its shelter.  When the two angels enter the grave for questioning, Sabr says to salat, zakat and virtue: “Take care of your companion, and if you fail to assist him, I will take care of him myself.”

Time is the essence of our lives. The Gate Way of Knowledge, Imam Ali (a.s.) said: “Man’s every breath brings him one step nearer to his death.” He (a.s.) further said: “Price of your life is Jannah, lest you may sell yourself for anything inferior than Jannah.”       Normally people spent their life in pursuit of wealth, or status or short-living baser desires. The real price of time of our life is the pleasure of Allah and His nearness. Allah is Merciful and rewards the virtues performed by His slaves ten times or even seventy times.

         Reference:

        The Noble Qur’an

        Nahjul Balagha                                                             by Commander of the Faithful (Imam Ali) (a.s.)

        Usul al-Kafi                                                                  by Allama  Muhammad Baqir Majlisi (r.a.)  

HAZRAT MUKHTAR IBN ABU UBAIDAH THAQAFI

Hazrat Mukhtar has been credited with the achievement of “Revenge of Oppressions of Karbala”. After the tragedy of Karbala, the sacred women of AhlulBayt (s.a.) did not comb their hair or put oil in the hair. After hearing that Hazrat Mukhtar had severely punished the murders of Imam Hussayn (a.s.), his family and companions, they resumed combing of hair. It is narrated that Imam Jafar al-Sadiq (a.s.) said: “Never say a bad word for Mukhtar as it is thanks to him that the killers of Imam Hussayn (a.s.) were punished for their deeds.” Similarly, when the heads of Ibne Ziyad and Umer-e-Sa’d were brought in the presence of Imam Ali-al-Zaynal Abedin (a.s.), he prostrated and thanked Allah saying: “I am thankful to God that You have taken revenge of the Holy blood of ours. May  my Lord grant Mukhtar for this good deed.”

He was born in 1 A.H. at Ta’if and was martyred in Kufa. He was 12 years old when his father died. He was raised by his mother and uncle, Sa’ad Ibn Masud. He was arrested by Ubaid-ullah ibn Ziyad in 61 AH. He met, Imam Ali (a.s.)’s companion, Maysam Tammar in the prison. In the mean time, the tragedy of Karbala occurred and Ubaidullah bin Ziyad brought Hazrat Mukhtar and showed him the sacred head of Imam Husayn (a.s.). After seeing Imam Hussayn (a.s.)’s head, Hazrat Mukhtar determined to avenge his martyrdom. He was later released on the recommendation of Abdullah bin Umar, his brother-in-law. He bravely defended the “Khana-e-Ka’bah” against the Yazidi army. He was again imprisoned in Kufa. He was in contact with the Shias of Kufa who were preparing to revolt against Yazid after the “Massacre at Karbala”.

Hazrat Mukhtar Announces the Revolution:  After release from the prison, Hazrat Mukhtar announced that he will punish the perpetrators of “The Massacre at Karbala” and started inviting the likeminded Muslims to get united.  Hazrat Muhammad bin Hanafiya, one of Imam Ali (a.s.)’s sons, sent his message of support. Ibrahim al-Ashter, the son of Malik Ashter, a brave senior army man, also joined him. The concerned and conscience Kufans felt the need to erase the blot of treachery on them.  These factors started to build the momentum to avenge Imam Hussayn (a.s.)’s martyrdom. Hazrat Mukhtar ordered his supporters to make fires, a sign of revolution.  Street clashes started in Kufa, the ruler’s forces and police surrendered and the ruler himself escaped to Hejaz.

The Yazidi forces advanced towards Kufa. Hazrat Mukhtar sent three thousand fighters under Zayd bin Anas, they defeated the Yazidi forces but Zayd died of natural death. As usual, the Umayyad propaganda machine spread rumors that Hazrat Mukhtar’s fighters were defeated and the commander was killed! They tried to stir up chaos in Kufa but failed. The Mukhtar’s fighters captured and executed every murderer of Karbala including Hurmala bin Kahil, Sanan bin Anas and Umar bin Sa’ad and executed all of them and sent their impure (najis) heads to Madina. Shimr bin Zil-Jaushan escaped but the fighters of Hazrat Mukhtar chased him and executed him also. After controlling the situation in Kufa, Ibrahim al-Ashtar’s brave fighters reached al-Khazar River, where he met Ubaidullah bin Ziyad’s army. The righteous army attacked the Omayyad’s and killed all senior commanders including Ubaidullah Bin Ziayad and al-Hussayn bin Numair. Ibrahim al-Ashtar’s small army defeated the huge Yazidi army.

Saving Madinah and Alawids against Umayyad and Abdullah bin Zubair Caliphs: When Marwan sent a big army to occupy Madinah, Hazrat Mukhtar sent a strong army of three thousand fighters to save and protect the Prophet (s.a.w.s.)’s Madinah. Abdullah bin Zubair declared himself a caliph and sent two thousand men apparently to protect Madinah but their real aim was to attack Hazrat Mukhtar’s fighters. When his brave fighters were protecting Madinah, the Zubairids attacked Hazrat Mukhtar’s army.  They killed some of them and brought the rest near Makkah. Hazrat Mukhtar sent five thousand fresh fighters and defeated the Zubairid’s army.

The Last stand: Abdullah Bin Zubair appointed his brother Musaiyyab as governor of Basra who formed a huge army and surprised Hazrat Mukhtar. They besieged him in the palace for four months. Musaiyyab’s army secretly conspired with Hazrat Mukhtars forces inside the palace and offered a deal that if they cooperated with these hypocrites and open the gates, they will pardon them.  Hazrat Mukhtar ordered his men to make street clashes but they disobeyed (because of their conspiracy). At last he came out with seventeen supporters and fought bravely and died as a martyr of Islam.

The conspirators who were promised pardon were slaughtered by Musaiyyab’s army and paid the price for treachery.

Reference:         Behar-ul-Anwar                                                 by Allama Muhammad Baqir Majlisi

THE ROMAN PRINCESS, MALIKA (HAZRAT NARJIS KHATOON) (S.A.), THE MOTHER OF IMAM-E-ZAMANA

Hazrat Narjis Khatoon (s.a.) was the granddaughter of the Roman Emperor Caesar and her mother was the descendant of Shimeon, the disciple of Jesus. Bishr al-Ansari was a slave of Imam Ali al-Naqi (a.s.). One day, the Imam called him and told him: “You are a loyal and trustworthy person; hence I want to assign you an important duty.” Bishr says that he became very anxious as the Imam wrote a letter in Roman language, put it in an envelope and placed his sacred seal on it. He then gave me a bundle of 220 golden Dinars and the envelope and told me to go to Baghdad near the Euphrates river on the morning of a certain date and said: “When you see the arrival of ships with many captive women brought in for sale as slave girls, stay put as various panders of Abbasid and a number of young Arab buyers gather around. Watch from distance as a slave trader by the name of Umar bin Yazid al-Nakhas, brings out a slave girl wearing silk and looks so and so. She will refuse to take out veil from her face, she will decline to show herself off or let any one touch her. She will cry out in Roman language to save her chastity from being attacked.  Imam Ali al-Naqi (a.s.) added: “One buyer admires her chastity and offers the slave trader 300 Dinars to buy her from him. She will say to him ‘I have no desire for you even if you wore King Solomon’s clothes, so do not waste your money. ‘The trader will say to her ‘What is the idea? You are to be sold anyhow. She would reply: what is the hurry, I will choose the buyer whom my heart likes and accepts his honesty and loyalty. Then you approach the trader and tell him that you have a letter from a noble man written in Roman language, describing his nobility, generosity and benevolence. Show her this letter and tell her if she accepts he will buy her from him. When she read the letter, she started to cry and told the trader to sell her to the writer of this letter, swearing and threatening to kill herself if he did not do so.” The trader ultimately agreed to sell at the amount provided by Imam Ali al-Naqi (a.s.)

She narrated her story as follows: “My name is Malika, daughter of Yashoa, the son of Caesar the Roman king. My mother is a descendant of Shimeon, the disciple of Jesus. My grandfather wanted to marry me to his nephew when I was 13 years old. He arranged a huge meeting inviting all high officials and priests. As soon as the priests started to open the bible, the palace started to shake; his nephew was knocked down and became unconscious. The meeting was cancelled.

That night, I had a vision in which I saw Jesus and Shimeon. The Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) entered with his son-in-law, Imam Ali al-Murtadha and his eleven Imams. Jesus welcomed them and embraced Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.). Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) said: “O Spirit of God, I came to betroth and engage your Shimeon’s daughter Malika to this son of mine, pointing towards Imam Hasan al-Askari. Jesus said to Shimeon: “Honor has marched towards you. Relate your kin to the kinship of the Progeny of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.). Shimeon replied: “I did”. Then Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) delivered an eloquent speech and performed my marriage ceremony with his son Imam Hasan al- Askari. When I woke up, I did not disclose this dream to anyone but I grew in love with Imam Hasan al- Askari. I lost my appetite; I stopped eating any food or drink and became sick. Medical help was sought but of no avail. My grandfather asked me if I had any wish. I told him to treat the Muslims kindly and release the Muslim prisoners. He did that and I started to improve.

After fourteen nights, I saw another vision. I saw Fatima, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.), and Mary with other maids of honor. Mary said to me: “This is Fatima, mother of your husband.” I embraced her, cried and complained to her that Imam Hasan al- Askari did not come to see me. She said that her son will not visit me as long as I was of a different religion. I would have to embrace Islam to see him. She said: “If you are inclined to satisfy God, satisfy Jesus and Mary and wanted Imam Hasan al- Askari to visit you then you will have to say Ash hadu An lailaha Illa Allah wa Anna Muhammad un Rasool Allah (I bear witness that there is no God but Allah and that Muhammad is His Messenger). I was willing heart and soul to accept Islam, and spoke those words: Ash hadu An La ilaha Illa Allah Wa Anna Muhammad un Rasool Allah. Fatima, daughter of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) embraced me and said: “Now expect the visit of Imam Hasan Askari, and I will send him to you.”

I woke up very happy and eager to meet my beloved. On the following night, I saw him as if he came to see me and I am saying: “O’ My beloved, you have forsaken me while I was suffering in your love. He said that my belief was the reason for his delay, but from now he would visit me every night until Almighty Allah will join us together. He visited every night ever since.

Bishr al- Ansari asked: “Then how you became a captive?” Narjis Khatoon replied: “Imam Hasan al- Askari told me one night that my grandfather was planning to send a huge army to fight the Muslims on day so on so and then he would join that army later on. When that happens, I am to follow then taking so and so route disguised as a maid with my maids. As I did as was told me to do, I found myself and the maids surrounded by the vanguard of the Muslim army. We were taken captives. Nobody knew that I am a Roman Princess and I never told anyone. Even the old man in whose bounty I became captive, the one you have bought me from, asked me my name.  I said it was Narjis (meaning a narcissus flower) He said that it is a maid’s name. The rest of the story you have witnessed in the slave market.” Bishr al-Ansari asked: “How come you are a Roman and you speak Arabic?” She said: “Yes, my grandfather loved me so much he wanted me to learn different literature and languages. He appointed his royal female interpreter as my teacher. She came day and night to teach me Arabic till I became proficient in it.

Bishr al-Ansari said: “When I returned with her to Samarra, she met my master Imam Ali al-Naqi, her husband’s father, who asked her: “How Allah showed you the dignity of Islam and the honor of Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) and his Progeny?” She said: “What can I say O’ son of the Messenger of Allah about what you know better than I do.”

Imam Ali al-Naqi said: “I want to honor you. What shall you choose, ten thousand Dinar or the news of good tidings of an everlasting honor?”She replied: “The good news of a son from me!” Imam Ali al-Naqi said: “Glad tidings for you, for you will beget a child who will rule over the East and the West and fill the earth with justice and equity as it will be filled with injustice and tyranny. Narjis Khatoon asked: “By whom (I shall have the son)? Imam Ali al-Naqi replied in Roman language: “By the one for whom Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.) had betrothed you on the night of so and so, the month of so and so, and the year of so and so.” Imam Ali al-Naqi described in detail the visions she had. He added: “By the one to whom Jesus gave you in marriage.” She said: “Your son Imam Hasan al- Askari.” Imam Ali al-Naqi said: “Do you know him?” She replied: “There was not a night, he has not visited me since the time I embraced Islam at the hands of Fatima, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.s.)”

After some time, she was married to Imam Hasan al-Askari (a.s.)

 Reference:          Al-Ghaiba                                                                                     by Shaikh Tabrisi (r.a.)

                           Behar –al Anwar                                                                           by Allama Majlisi (r.a.)